SÍNDROME NEFRÍTICO: HEMATURIA, EDEMA E HIPERTENSIÓN POR DAÑO GLOMERULAR 2026 VILLAMEDIC

Nephritic syndrome is an acute kidney injury secondary to inflammation of the glomerulus (glomerulonephritis) characterized by glomerular hematuria, moderate proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with oliguria, edema, and rapidly developing hypertension. It usually presents days or weeks after an infection (typically streptococcal) or in the context of autoimmune diseases such as lupus, and can progress from self-limiting forms to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis if not recognized and treated promptly. 📋 VIDEO CONTENT Definition and classic clinical presentation Onset within a few days of: hematuria (coke-colored urine), non-nephrotic proteinuria, oliguria, edema, and hypertension. Decreased GFR with possible increase in creatinine (acute kidney injury). Basic Pathophysiology Glomerular inflammation (due to immune complexes or autoantibodies) damages the filtration barrier, allowing the passage of red blood cells and some protein, and reducing filtration rate. Expansion of extracellular volume → edema and elevated blood pressure. Common Causes Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis, especially post-streptococcal in children, following pharyngitis or skin infections. IgA nephropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, ANCA vasculitis, and other primary or secondary glomerulonephritis. Diagnosis Urine: glomerular hematuria (dysmorphic red blood cells, red blood cell casts), subnephrotic proteinuria. Laboratory tests: creatinine, complement, antistreptococcal titers, autoantibodies as suspected. Renal ultrasound and, in many cases, renal biopsy to define the type of glomerulonephritis and guide treatment. General Management Supportive treatment: blood pressure control, salt and fluid restriction, diuretics for edema, and management of acute kidney injury (AKI) if it develops. Specific treatment according to cause: antibiotics if there is an active infection, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants in autoimmune or rapidly progressive forms. 🎯 TARGET AUDIENCE Students, interns, and residents who need to clearly differentiate between nephritic and nephrotic syndromes and understand the main types of acute glomerulonephritis. Primary care physicians, pediatricians, and internists who should suspect, initially investigate, and urgently refer to nephrology. #️⃣ HASHTAGS #NephriticSyndrome #Glomerulonephritis #Hematuria #Proteinuria #Oliguria #Edema #Hypertension #Poststreptococcal #PoststreptococcalGN #IgANephropathy #Lupus #Nephrology #AcuteKidneyInsufficiency #GFR #RedBloodCasts #MedicalEducation #MedStudentLife #MedicalResidency #VILLAMEDIC