FRACASO RENAL AGUDO (LESIÓN RENAL AGUDA): DEFINICIÓN, CAUSAS Y MANEJO INICIAL 2026

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a rapid and generally reversible deterioration of kidney function, manifested by increased creatinine and/or decreased urine output, with an inability to manage water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. This video clearly explains the current definition (KDIGO criteria), the prerenal, renal, intrarenal, and postrenal classifications, the most frequent causes, and the keys to diagnosis and initial management to prevent irreversible damage. 📋 VIDEO CONTENT Concept and Definition What is acute kidney injury? KDIGO Criteria: creatinine increase of ≥0.3 mg/dL in 48 hours or ≥1.5 times baseline in 7 days, or urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/h for ≥6 hours. Classic Etiological Classification Prerenal: hypovolemia, shock, heart failure, sepsis; Renal perfusion problem. Renal (intrinsic): acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, vasculitis, nephrotoxic toxins. Postrenal: urinary tract obstruction (prostate, lithiasis, tumors, stenosis). Clinical presentation and basic findings Oliguria/anuria, edema, volume overload, hypertension, nausea, confusion, signs of the underlying condition (shock, sepsis, urinary obstruction). Diagnosis and initial management Laboratory tests: creatinine, urea, electrolytes (K⁺, Na⁺), arterial blood gas analysis, complete blood count. Urine: sediment, proteinuria, hematuria, urinary sodium, and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) suggest prerenal versus acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Renal ultrasound to rule out obstruction and assess kidney size and echogenicity. Initial Management and Treatment Correct the underlying cause: replace volume if hypovolemic, treat sepsis and shock, discontinue nephrotoxic drugs, and clear urinary tract obstruction. Monitor and manage complications: hyperkalemia, volume overload, metabolic acidosis, and uremia. Indications for renal replacement therapy (dialysis) in severe cases. 🎯 TARGET AUDIENCE Medical students, interns, and residents who need a clear and practical framework for acute kidney injury for on-call shifts and exams. General practitioners, emergency room physicians, ICU physicians, and internists who manage patients with acute renal failure and need to initiate timely management. #️⃣ HASHTAGS #AcuteKidneyFailure #AcuteKidneyInjury #AcuteKidneyInsufficiency #AKI #KDIGO #Creatinine #Oliguria #Anuria #AcuteTubularNecrosis #Prerenal #Intrinsic #Postrenal #UrinaryObstruction #Nephrotoxins #Sepsis #Shock #Hypovolemia #Nephrology #Dialysis #RenalReplacementTherapy #ICU #EmergencyDepartment #InternalMedicine #MedicalEducation #FOAMed #MedStudentLife #MedicalResidency #VILLAMEDIC