GLOMERULOPATÍAS Y GLOMERULONEFRITIS DIAGNÓSTICO 2026 VILLAMEDIC

Glomerulopathies are a group of diseases that affect the renal glomerulus and impair its filtering function, primarily producing proteinuria and/or hematuria, which are clinically expressed as nephrotic syndrome, nephritic syndrome, or mixed forms. Glomerulonephritis is the inflammatory subtype of glomerulopathy and can be primary (limited to the kidney) or secondary to systemic diseases such as lupus, vasculitis, or infections, with a spectrum ranging from acute episodes to slowly progressive chronic forms. 📋 VIDEO CONTENT What are glomerulopathies? Definition: diseases of the glomerulus that disrupt the filtration barrier and cause the loss of protein and/or blood in the urine. Clinical classification based on urinary sediment: nephrotic pattern (massive proteinuria, few elements) vs. nephritic pattern (dysmorphic hematuria, red blood cell casts, variable proteinuria). Main Glomerular Syndromes Nephrotic Syndrome: Nephrotic-range proteinuria + hypoalbuminemia + edema, with frequent hyperlipidemia. Nephritic Syndrome: Glomerular hematuria + non-nephrotic proteinuria + edema, hypertension, and varying degrees of renal insufficiency. Mixed forms with both nephrotic and nephritic features (membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, fibrillary glomerulopathy, etc.). Glomerulonephritis: Primary and Secondary Primary: Minimal lesion, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, among others. Secondary: Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus nephritis), ANCA-associated vasculitis, post-infectious glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, cryoglobulinemia, etc. Diagnostic Strategy Medical history and physical examination: edema, hypertension, systemic symptoms (arthralgia, rash, recent infections). Laboratory tests: creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, quantified proteinuria, urinalysis (dysmorphic hematuria, casts), serology, and autoantibodies as suspected. Renal biopsy is a key test for histological classification and to guide treatment in most adult glomerulopathies. Management Principles Supportive treatment: blood pressure control (ACE inhibitors/ARBs), edema management, proteinuria control, and protection of cardiovascular and renal function. Specific treatment according to the type of glomerulopathy: corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologics, and treatment of the underlying systemic disease (lupus, vasculitis, infections, etc.). 🎯 TARGET AUDIENCE Students, interns, and residents who want a comprehensive overview of glomerulopathies, their relationship to nephrotic and nephritic syndromes, and the role of renal biopsy. Primary care and internal medicine physicians who should suspect glomerulopathy in cases of proteinuria/hematuria, initiate basic workup, and refer to nephrology for classification and treatment. #️⃣ HASHTAGS #Glomerulopathies #Glomerulonephritis #NephroticSyndrome #NephriticSyndrome #IgANephropathy #MinimalChangeNegativeGlomerulopathies #FSGS #MembranousGN #MembranoproliferativeGN #LupusNephritis #ANCAVasculitis #PostinfectiousGN #Proteinuria #Hematuria #RedCellCasts #KidneyBiopsy #Nephrology #KidneyDisease #CKD #MedicalEducation #VILLAMEDIC