Cadena respiratoria y Fosforilación oxidativa EXPLICACIÓN FÁCIL | Cadena de transporte de electrones

In this video, I explain the respiratory chain/electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation in a simple, clear, and straightforward way: how NADH and FADH₂ donate electrons, how H⁺ is pumped to create the gradient, why O₂ is the final electron acceptor (O₂ → H₂O), how ATP synthase (Complex V) rotates, and how ATP is synthesized in the mitochondria. I'm Román Nadtochiy, a Russian doctor with a medical degree validated in Argentina. The diagrams are based on translated/adapted Russian textbooks: this will help you organize your thoughts for exams and understand why NADH ≈ 2.5 ATP and FADH₂ ≈ 1.5 ATP. 📌 FREE NOTES (Respiratory Chain) Write "Chain" in the comments and I'll send it to you via DM on Instagram. 🔗 Instagram: https://ig.me/m/nadtochiy.roman 🔗 TikTok: 🧠 What you'll understand (so you don't forget) Where it happens: inner mitochondrial membrane and intermembrane space Electrons vs. protons: NADH/FADH₂ release e⁻ and H⁺ remains How H⁺ is pumped (gradient) and why some of the energy is lost as heat O₂ as the final electron acceptor and why the chain slows down without oxygen Complexes I, III, IV (H⁺ pumping) and V (ATP synthase) Coenzyme Q and cytochrome c (mobile electron acceptors to remember) Uncoupling: UCP1/thermogenin, T3, indirect bilirubin (more heat, less ATP) Inhibitors of Complex IV: CO, cyanide, H₂S (basic clinical applications) ✅ Chapters 00:00 Respiratory chain: introduction (oxidative phosphorylation) 00:42 From NADH/FADH₂ to ATP: Krebs connection → respiratory chain 01:59 NADH and FADH₂ donate electrons: H⁺ remains in the matrix (key concept) 02:40 Where it occurs: mitochondria (inner membrane and intermembrane space) 04:42 Proton gradient (H⁺): how it is pumped and its purpose 06:02 Oxygen as the final electron acceptor: O₂ → H₂O (why everything stops without O₂) 07:33 ATP synthase (Complex V): the "mill" that synthesizes ATP 08:45 Why it's called oxidative phosphorylation (oxidation + phosphorylation) 10:13 Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase): Coenzyme Q + H⁺ pumping 11:47 Complex II (FADH₂): entry “downstream” (doesn't pump like Complex I) 11:13 Coenzyme Q and cytochrome c: mobile acceptors (must be memorized) 13:15 Complex III (bc₁), Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), Complex V (ATP synthase): O₂ + H⁺ pumping + ATP 14:05 NADH vs FADH₂: 2.5 ATP vs 1.5 ATP (why it changes) 15:11 Uncoupling (UCP1/thermogenin, T3, bilirubin): more heat, less ATP 17:13 Inhibitors of Complex IV: CO, cyanide, H₂S (basic clinical applications) 18:10 Final summary + next class (carbohydrates) ▶️ Next class: Carbohydrate biochemistry. 👍 If you found this helpful: like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell.