Metabolismo de los CARBOHIDRATOS | Absorción intestinal | GLUT e INSULINA (es CLAVE para el EXAMEN)

In this biochemistry class, I'll explain intestinal absorption of monosaccharides in simple terms, 100% exam-oriented: how glucose and galactose enter via secondary active transport (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase → Na⁺ gradient → SGLT1 cotransport), how fructose enters via facilitated diffusion (GLUT5), and how they all exit the enterocyte into the bloodstream via GLUT2. Then we'll cover the most frequently asked questions: GLUT in tissues and the role of insulin: GLUT1 (insulin-independent tissues) vs. GLUT4 (skeletal muscle, myocardium, and adipose tissue: without insulin, it won't open). And we'll wrap up with what happens "afterward": why fructose and galactose are converted into glucose (mainly in the liver), and what happens if enzymes fail (galactosemia/fructosemia). Direct bridge to the next class: glycolysis. 📌 FREE NOTE Write “GLUT” in the comments and I'll send it to you via DM on Instagram. 🔗 Instagram: https://ig.me/m/nadtochiy.roman 🔗 TikTok: 🧠 What you absolutely must know (KEY TO THE EXAM) Glucose/galactose: Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase + Na⁺ → cotransport (SGLT1) Fructose: GLUT5 (facilitated diffusion) Exit into blood: GLUT2 Tissues: GLUT1 (always enters) vs. GLUT4 (insulin-dependent) Conversion to glucose: galactose → glucose / fructose → glucose Enzyme deficiencies: galactosemia / fructosemia (management: diet) Fate of glucose: pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis (next video) ✅ Chapters 00:00 Introduction 00:41 Review: carbohydrate digestion up to Monosaccharides 00:58 Intestinal absorption of monosaccharides: main mechanisms 01:31 Secondary active transport (glucose and galactose) 02:30 Na+/K+-ATPase pump and sodium gradient (simple explanation) 04:29 Facilitated diffusion: fructose by GLUT5 05:40 From enterocyte to blood: GLUT2 06:09 Key summary: what to remember (GLUT5, GLUT2, secondary active transport) 06:53 Blood glucose transport and tissue entry (GLUT) 08:59 GLUT1: insulin-independent tissues 09:46 GLUT4: insulin-dependent tissues and insulin 10:59 Conversion of fructose and galactose to glucose (liver and intestine) 12:11 Galactose → glucose (pathway, enzymes, and galactosemia) 14:00 Fructose → glucose (Pathways, Fructose in Blood, and Treatment) 16:39 Fate of Glucose: Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Glycolysis 17:45 Bridge with Pyruvate, Acetyl-CoA, Krebs Cycle, and the Respiratory Chain 18:35 Closing + Next Class: Glycolysis 🎯 This class prepares you for the next lesson: glycolysis (and then connecting everything with ATP, Krebs Cycle, and the respiratory chain). 📚 Recommended Series (watch in this order) 1. METABOLISM:    • BIOQUÍMICA | Metabolismo (Anabolismo y Cat...   2. KREBS CYCLE:    • Ciclo de KREBS con RAP - paso a paso | Bio...   3. RESPIRATORY CHAIN:    • Cadena respiratoria y Fosforilación oxidat...   4. CARBOHYDRATES 1:    • Metabolismo de los CARBOHIDRATOS (lo que N...   👍 Like + subscribe + comment with a mini-quiz (answer pinned).