Дума про смерть Вишневецького (1563)

music: folk performance: Taras Kompanichenko historical background: Dmytro "Bayda" Vyshnevetskyi (born in Nevid — 1563/1564, Istanbul) — Ukrainian tycoon in Volyn, prince of the coat of arms of Korybut, Cossack leader, hetman. The owner of estates in the town of Vyshnivets, Kremyanetsky District. The Khortytskyi castle built by him on the island of Mala Khortytsya is considered the prototype of Zaporozhian Sich. In December 1562, accompanied by Sieradz Voivode of Laska Albrecht, the unworthy second husband of the unfortunate Beata of Koscielecka-Ostrozka-Laska, mother of Princess Halska Ostrozka, arrived at the Diet. A. Laskyi did not forgive the Moldavian master Ya.V. Heraklid for taking away the Khotynsk fortress and surrounding settlements from the former, given to him earlier. Not having enough military power, through the commandant of the Khotyn fortress, Jan (Ivan) Pyasetskyi (Bayda's relative), he decided to involve D. Vyshnevetskyi in the action, in 1563 he encouraged him to march to the Moldavian principality (at that time it was a vassal of the Ottomans), where he claimed the throne (the second wife of the Moldavian master Petru IV Rares Yelena Kateryna Brankovich - the older sister of the second wife of her father - Ivan Vyshnevetsky Maria Magdalena Brankovich-"Despot"); as the maternal grandson of Stephen III, half-cousin of Peter IV Rares). In 1563, a boyar rebellion broke out in the Moldavian principality against the then unpopular master, the usurper, the international adventurer Yakov Vasilaki Heraclid, or Despot. J.V. Heraklid was deposed, and his place was taken by the leader of the rebellion of the boyars, Stefan Tomzha (Tomsha). The army was recruited together in Kamianets-Podilskyi. The despot offered the king to become a suzerain, to protect Suceava from a possible attack. The king assured that none of his subjects would disturb the peace, and in case of danger, Kamianets castellan Jerzy (Yuriy) Yazlovetskyi would come to the rescue. After the number of potential participants in the campaign grew, the Despot appealed to the King of Poland, who sent a reply letter, which the Despot did not receive. D. Vyshnevetskyi, Ya. (I). Pyasetsky, at the head of a 5,000-strong detachment, stood on the bank of the Dniester, waiting for the approach of A. Laskyi with his army. Part of the boyars, dissatisfied with the Despot, led by Štefan Tomža (also a pretender to the throne, who had already been chosen as the master), raised an uprising, invited D. Vyshnevetskyi to his estate (farm), Sh. Tomša's election was called temporary. D. Vyshnevetsky willingly agreed, although he was sick and weak at the time, he quickly set out on a campaign with a small force, his squad consisted of only 500 soldiers, they did not suspect a trap. The boyars who invited him did not give him enough support, the Cossacks were defeated. Some of them, D. Vyshnevetsky himself, Ivan Senyut in particular, were captured; Sh. Tomzha sent all the prisoners to Istanbul. By order of Sultan Selim II - the son of Suleiman I the Magnificent - Dmytro Vyshnevetsky and two of his comrades, in particular the commandant of the Khotyn fortress Ivan (Yan) Pyasetsky, Dmytro's relative, were hanged, and ordinary Cossacks were sent to the galleys.