ТАРАВЕРА 1886: Вулкан, который уничтожил восьмое чудо света

In the town of Blenheim, people ran out of their houses: they thought war had broken out. The sound that woke them that night came from a distance of five hundred and ten kilometres. On the tenth of June, eighteen eighty-six, at two o'clock in the morning, Mount Tarawera on the North Island of New Zealand split open along a seventeen-kilometre rift. In six hours the eruption destroyed six villages, about one hundred and twenty people, and two formations that the entire nineteenth century called the eighth wonder of the world — the Pink and White Terraces. This film is about the geological paradox of the eruption, the phenomenon of the phantom canoe eleven days before the catastrophe, the house of Guide Sophia Hinerangi in which sixty-two people survived the night, and the three independent scientific teams that, between two thousand eleven and two thousand eighteen, gave three different answers to one question: where do the Terraces lie today. ⏱ CHAPTERS 00:00 The roar heard at 500 kilometres 03:39 The Pink and White Terraces 07:12 The phantom canoe on Lake Tarawera 10:57 The night of the eruption, 10 June 1886 12:55 Guide Sophia's house and the 62 survivors 14:48 The basalt that should not have been there 18:56 The REMUS expedition and the search for the Terraces 20:29 Hochstetter's map and the new dispute 22:30 The new landscape of Rotomahana 23:52 The legacy of the catastrophe and the open question 📚 SOURCES AND SCIENTIFIC BASIS 1. Rowe M.C., Carey R.J., White J.D.L. et al. (2021). Tarawera 1886: an integrated review of volcanological and geochemical characteristics of a complex basaltic eruption. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2021... — The most recent integrated review of the eruption: recalculated ejecta volume of 1.1–1.3 km³, of which up to 0.6 km³ is young basalt, ejection rate, and crystallisation temperature. 2. de Ronde C.E.J., Fornari D.J., Ferrini V.L. et al. (2016). The Pink and White Terraces of Lake Rotomahana: what was their fate after the 1886 Tarawera Rift eruption? Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 314:126–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.... — Final report on the 2011–2014 underwater expeditions with the autonomous REMUS vehicle, retraction of the 2011 rediscovery claim, conclusion that most of the Terraces were destroyed during the eruption. 3. Keam R.F. (2016). The Tarawera eruption, Lake Rotomahana, and the origin of the Pink and White Terraces. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 314:10–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.... — Reconstruction of Lake Rotomahana's topography before the catastrophe based on historical photographs from the late eighteen-seventies and early eighteen-eighties. 4. Bunn A.R., Nolden S. (2017). Forensic cartography with Hochstetter's 1859 Pink and White Terraces survey: Te Otukapuarangi and Te Tarata. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2017... — A counter-hypothesis based on Ferdinand von Hochstetter's unpublished 1859 compass survey: the Terraces lie buried on land under ten to fifteen metres of volcanic material. 5. Bell J.M. (1906). The great Tarawera volcanic rift, New Zealand. The Geographical Journal, 27(4):369–382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1776237 — Historical description of the seventeen-kilometre rift, written twenty years after the eruption. 6. Te Ara — The Encyclopedia of New Zealand: biography of Guide Sophia Hinerangi. https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/... 7. NZ History (Manatū Taonga): eyewitness accounts of the eruption, materials on the village of Te Wairoa and the tohunga Tūhoto Ariki. https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/tar... "Science does not always give the final answer. But it always asks the better question."