桃树卷叶病的3+1个预防处理方法 / Peach Leaf-Curl-Disease: 3+1 Methods for Prevention & Treatment

#garden #peach #pfirsich #leafcurl #kräuselkrankheit 2025年春天桃树花期即将结束的时候，新生的桃叶就有这种卷曲、发红的状态。起初以为是一种特殊品种的桃树，后来才知道这个是桃树卷叶病。 1 处理方法 2025年的处理方法非常简单粗暴：把所有叶片都摘掉，然后连续喷小苏打加一滴洗涤灵的溶液。 效果很明显。摘掉卷曲的叶片，是从根部去掉真菌。喷溶液的作用是确保杀死叶片、树枝上的真菌孢子。 两个方式同时进行，1个月后基本根除了卷叶病。并且最终收获了5-8公斤的桃子（还不算被卷叶病感染的桃子以及被虫子、鸟损坏的桃子）。 这种方式能确保桃子产量，并且采摘的桃子不含毒性。 我是用的小苏打就是在德国超市购买的Backpulve，洗涤灵就是普通的洗涤灵。如果觉得这种洗涤灵毒性高，可以采用Bio的（即有机洗涤灵）。 2 预防方法之使用硫剂 所有预防方法使用的药剂都有毒性，或者说都被处理方法中使用东西的毒性大很多。 但是视频中预防的三个方式中的硫剂，它的毒性是三种预防方式中最低的。同样，效果也最差。 使用的是硫化物，需要融水后均匀喷洒在枝条上。 硫剂的使用，需要在整个冬天使用两次，一次是树叶落尽后，另一次是在桃树开花前2-3周使用。在开花前提前2-3周使用，可以确保硫剂在使用后能杀灭真菌，同时还有足够的时间降解，这样桃树开花后才不会结含有硫剂的桃子。 3 预防方法之使用铜剂 铜剂的效果是所有预防中效果最好的，但是也是毒性最高的，并且可能会在土壤中有残留。需要注意当地法律。 这种药剂，只需要喷洒一次，基本上就可以完全避免卷叶病发生。但是需要留有足够时间降解，一般要在开花前1个月开始使用。并且，当年结的桃子，可能依然会有铜剂残留。 使用铜剂的另一个问题是：很多植物对铜剂极其敏感，喷洒时，很容易被喷雾侵害，可能会直接死亡。 4 预防方法之波尔多液 波尔多液最开始用于葡萄的真菌防止。使用的是硫酸铜水溶液倒入氢氧化钙水溶液。每次使用都需要临时调配，不能储存。 这个可以说是铜剂方法的低毒版本。对绝大多数花园果树都不会有毒副作用。但是需要喷洒1-2次，才能确保卷叶病不会复发。 视频中我采用的预防方法就是配置波尔多液，并且花园里一棵桃树旁边就是一棵葡萄藤，完全不用担心葡萄藤接触波尔多液会有不良反应。 5 不推荐的预防方法之苦楝油 这个仅限德国地区。主要原因是价格问题。德国这边无论网购还是实体店，苦楝油的售价都极其高。一次购买量，几乎仅够喷洒一次。但是使用苦楝油预防桃树卷叶病，需要喷洒2-3次，并且还可能依然会有零星卷叶病发生。 再一个问题则是法律规定，禁止大规模使用苦楝油，以及高浓度使用。 (English Text) In 2025 spring, as the peach blossom season was ending, the newly sprouted peach leaves exhibited this curling and reddish condition. Initially, it was thought to be a special variety of peach tree, but it was later learned to be peach leaf curl disease. 1. Treatment Method The treatment method in 2025 was very simple: remove all leaves with disease and then continuously spray a solution of baking soda & one drop of dish soap. The effect was obvious. Removing the curled leaves eliminates the fungus from the roots. The spray solution ensures that the fungal spores on the leaves and branches are killed. Both methods were carried out simultaneously, and the leaf curl disease was basically eradicated after one month. A total of 5-8 kilograms of peaches were harvested (not including peaches infected with leaf curl disease or damaged by insects and birds). This method ensures peach yield, and the harvested peaches are free of toxins. I used baking soda purchased from a supermarket. If you are concerned about the toxicity of the dish soap, you can also use bio-based (i.e., organic) dish soap. 2. Prevention Method: Using Sulfur Agents All prevention methods use toxic agents, or rather, the agents used in these methods are much more toxic than those used in the treatment methods. However, the sulfur agent used in the three prevention methods has the lowest toxicity of the three methods. Similarly, its effectiveness is also the worst. It needs to be dissolved in water and sprayed evenly on the branches. The sulfur agent needs to be applied twice throughout the winter: once after the leaves have fallen, and again 2-3 weeks before the peach tree blooms. Applying it 2-3 weeks before flowering ensures that the sulfur agent kills the fungus after application and allows sufficient time for degradation, so that the peach tree will not produce peaches containing sulfur after flowering. 3. Prevention Method: Using Copper Agents Copper agents are the most effective of all prevention methods, but they are also the most toxic and may leave residues in the soil. Local laws must be observed. This agent only needs to be sprayed once to basically completely prevent leaf curl disease. However, sufficient time needs to be allowed for degradation; generally, it should be applied starting one month before flowering. Furthermore, peaches harvested that year may still contain copper residue. Another problem with using copper-based fungicides is that many plants are extremely sensitive to them. When sprayed, they are easily damaged by the spray and may die directly. 4. Prevention Method: Bordeaux Mixture Bordeaux mixture was initially used to prevent fungal infections in grapes. It consists of a copper sulfate solution mixed with a calcium hydroxide solution. It needs to be prepared fresh for each use and cannot be stored. This can be considered a lower-toxicity version of the copper-based method. It has no toxic side effects on most garden fruit trees. However, it needs to be sprayed 1-2 times to ensure that leaf curl disease does not recur. The prevention method I used in the video was to prepare Bordeaux mixture. There was a grapevine next to a peach tree in the garden, so there was no need to worry about the grapevine having an adverse reaction to the Bordeaux mixture. 5. Not Recommended Prevention Method: Neem Oil This is only applicable to Germany. The main reason is the price. Neem oil is extremely expensive in Germany, both online and in physical stores. A single purchase is almost only enough for one spray. However, using neem oil to prevent peach leaf curl requires spraying 2-3 times, and sporadic cases of leaf curl may still occur. Another issue is that laws prohibit the large-scale use of neem oil, as well as with high concentration.