闲聊在德国种枣树：在实体苗圃购入一棵冬枣。缓苗后给它换盆。/Potting a new bought jujube-tree Dongzao

#冬枣 #枣树 #盆栽 #花园 #jujube #jujubetree #datteln #Dongzao #garden #garten 4月底在德国实体苗圃购入一棵枣树，是冬枣这个品种。购买这棵枣树之前，在网络苗圃购入了一棵枣树，品种是Coco，一种有椰香味道的枣树。 实体苗圃这棵冬枣，植株大小与网购的那棵类似，但是原有价格要便宜。 这棵冬枣是瑞士苗圃培育，然后德国这边实体苗圃购入进行销售。相对于德国北部，瑞士当地夏天温度要高一些，也更适合枣树生长。 在德国种枣树，完全不用担心冬天过冬的问题。枣树耐寒耐热，地栽通常能耐零下25度，有些品种甚至在零下40度都不会冻伤。如果是小苗，抗寒能力稍弱，一般要减去5度；而如果要盆栽，那么还要再减去5度。以视频种的枣树苗为例，属于小苗阶段，进行盆栽，那么即便露天放置，也能耐寒零下15度。 我所在的北威州Oberhausen地区，冬天最低温度零下15度，但通常只有一晚的最低温如此，绝大多数时间，冬天最低温度在0度与零下5度之间。这也是我选择盆栽枣树的原因之一：直径40厘米、深40厘米的盆，完全能确保枣树苗安全过冬。 但是，在德国种枣树，除了要确保冬天能过冬，还要确保夏天开花结果能成熟。冬枣这个品种，口感好，结果略晚。在德国夏天气候下，如果是不太热的夏天，可能无法做到完全成熟。弥补的方式为：靠南墙，通过南墙反射光照弥补夏天光热不足的缺陷；同时，南墙白天吸收光照热量，晚上会缓慢释放，也可以增加枣树微环境温度。 如果选择靠南墙地栽，则可能会有建筑风险。枣树根系顽强，极易蹿根，甚至能蹿根十几米。如果紧挨建筑南墙种植，可能会影响房屋防水密封性。 因此，选择盆栽，能更好地确保枣树结果成熟，同时避免枣树蹿根这个隐患。但是，盆栽会限制枣树生长，会影响产量。 盆栽枣树注意事项： 确保盆地不积水。我采用的是在盆地凹槽处铺满陶粒，避免积水。即便下大雨，地表有积水，也不会反流影响枣树根须。 配置的盆土，主要以普通田园土为主，参入大量珍珠岩（约20%占比），少量椰糠，确保盆土在暴晒时，不会完全脱水。 盆栽Coco枣树的视频/Potting Jujube-Tree "Coco"：    • 在德国种枣树要注意什么?如何盆栽枣树：品种、盆土、花盆 / Potting a ju...   (English Text) At the end of April, I purchased a jujube tree—specifically the "Dongzao" variety—from a local physical nursery in Germany. Prior to this purchase, I had acquired another jujube tree from an online nursery; that one was the "Coco" variety, known for its distinct coconut-like flavor. The Dongzao tree from the physical nursery is similar in size to the one I bought online, but its original price was significantly lower. This particular Dongzao tree was cultivated at a nursery in Switzerland before being acquired and sold by the German nursery. Compared to northern Germany, the summer temperatures in Switzerland are generally higher, making the local climate more conducive to the growth of jujube trees. When growing jujube trees in Germany, one needs not worry at all about winter survival. Jujube trees are remarkably resilient to both cold and heat; when planted directly in the ground, they can typically withstand temperatures as low as -25°C, and some varieties remain undamaged even at -40°C. For young saplings, however, cold tolerance is slightly lower—usually about 5°C less than that of mature trees. Furthermore, if the tree is grown in a pot, its cold tolerance is reduced by another 5°C. Taking the sapling featured in this video as an example—which is a young specimen grown in a pot—it can safely withstand temperatures down to -15°C. In Oberhausen (NRW), the lowest winter temperatures can reach -15°C; however, such extremes typically occur for only a single night. For the vast majority of the time, winter lows hover between 0°C and -5°C. This is one of the reasons I chose to grow my jujube trees in pots: a pot measuring 40 centimeters in both diameter and depth provides ample protection to ensure the sapling survives the winter safely. However, growing jujube trees in Germany involves a challenge beyond mere winter survival: ensuring that the fruit—once the tree blooms—has sufficient time to ripen during the summer. The Dongzao variety is prized for its excellent flavor, but it tends to bear fruit relatively late in the season. Given the German summer climate—particularly during cooler summers—the fruit may not always reach full maturity. One effective remedy is to plant the tree against a south-facing wall; the wall's reflective surface helps compensate for any deficiency in summer sunlight and heat. Additionally, the south-facing wall absorbs solar heat during the day and slowly releases it throughout the night, thereby raising the ambient temperature within the tree's immediate microenvironment. If one chooses to plant the tree directly in the ground against a south-facing wall, however, potential structural risks to the building must be considered. Jujube trees possess an exceptionally vigorous root system that is prone to aggressive spreading—roots can easily extend over a dozen meters. If planted in close proximity to a building's southern wall, these invasive roots could potentially compromise the structure's waterproofing and foundation integrity. Therefore, opting for container planting offers a more reliable way to ensure the jujube tree bears fruit to maturity, while simultaneously eliminating the potential hazard of invasive root spread. However, container planting does restrict the tree's growth, which can subsequently impact its yield. Key Considerations for Container-Grown Jujube Trees: Ensure that water does not stagnate at the bottom of the pot. My approach involves lining the drainage recesses at the base of the pot with a layer of expanded clay pebbles to prevent water accumulation. This ensures that even during heavy rainfall—when surface water may pool—there is no backflow that could adversely affect the tree's fine root system. Regarding the potting medium, I primarily use ordinary garden soil, mixed with a substantial amount of perlite (accounting for approximately 20% of the volume) and a small quantity of coco coir. This specific blend ensures that the soil does not completely dry out when exposed to intense sunlight.