SEGUNDO REINADO: GRANDE IMIGRAÇÃO EUROPEIA | Resumo de História para o Enem

📚 Free e-book with summaries of the most common topics in Humanities, Languages ​​and Writing: http://bit.ly/2XkPac8 Today's class is about the great European migration to Brazil in the context of the Second Reign. Come and see Professor Felipe explain everything in less than 10 minutes! \o/ Free class on this content: https://bit.ly/35IxSsl 00:00 - Today's class is about the great European migration in the context of the Second Reign! We have divided this class into three parts. First, we will look at the reasons that led to the arrival of immigrants (Italians and Germans) to Brazil from 1850 onwards. We will also look at the types of migration (two main models). And finally, the agrarian issue in the context in which migration occurs! \o/ 00:25 - What would be the reasons for the arrival of a large number of Italian and German immigrants to Brazil in the second half of the 19th century (the context of the Second Empire)? In Europe, we have a situation of political, social and economic instability, caused mainly by the wars of unification in both Italy and Germany. We were also experiencing the context of the Industrial Revolution, where increased production by factories required a greater supply of raw materials. And the producers of these raw materials are mainly the countryside, where large-scale production becomes dominant. Small farmers are unable to enter this market and go bankrupt, causing a massive rural exodus. In the cities, of course, we will have a large supply of factory labor, both in the Italian and German markets. However, it is a considerable population surplus, and the local governments themselves are interested in diverting this surplus. Where to? Precisely to places that needed labor, such as Brazil. 1:42 - Around 1850, Brazil was experiencing a period in which coffee was expanding from the Paraíba do Sul Valley to western São Paulo. It was finding new spaces and needed more labor. But curiously, in 1850, a law was passed that potentially reduced the supply of labor in Brazil. It was the Eusébio de Queiroz law, which would prohibit the Atlantic slave trade. And if Brazil could somehow potentially reduce the supply of slave labor, it would need to increase the supply of free labor. And it would do this with the arrival of Italian and German immigrants. 2:25 - There was also the ideology that Brazil was an economically backward country due to its ethnic and social formation. In other words, they believed that the miscegenation of Portuguese, indigenous and African elements ended up being detrimental to Brazil's economic development. And what would be the best way to achieve progress? By "whitening" the population. So here we have a discourse of eugenics, of racial purification to achieve economic and social progress that was seen as something dependent on ethical composition. 3:07 - In this same context, we also have some territorial conflicts involving Brazil with other countries in the La Plata Basin region (Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina). The border areas needed to be populated. So migration also came to occupy these territorial voids, as a strategy to improve the security conditions of the national territory itself. 3:29 - Let's talk now about the types of immigration. We have two models in Brazil. Initially, we had the partnership model, which would be adopted from 1847 onwards. In this system, immigrants would arrive here with debts to pay to their employers (the trip itself and everything they consumed here). The agreement was that the immigrant would receive a share of the profits obtained, hence the "partnership" system, but this share that they would receive ended up being less than the debts they had accumulated. These debts kept increasing, which ended up being a type of slavery in practice. Many of these immigrants were even housed in old slave quarters. This ended up leading to the breaking of diplomatic relations between the governments and the end of this immigration system. Then the Brazilian government understood that it needed to have more control, and so a new system emerged, the subsidized system. 6:14 - This system was sponsored by the State, arriving here without debts to their employers. The contract they established with the employer was controlled by the State. Of course, in practice this State control was not well executed, especially since there were no labor laws at that time. 9:44 - End of the class. Don't forget to like and subscribe to the channel :D DID YOU LIKE THE VIDEO? // Subscribe to the channel // Give a thumbs up // Leave your comment // Share with friends SOCIAL MEDIA // FACEBOOK /cursoenemgratuito/ // INSTA @cursoenemgratuito // TWITTER @enemgratuito Curso Enem Gratuito is an independent channel for disseminating content to support learning and information about programs and opportunities for access to Higher Education.