УРАГАН БХОЛА 1970: Шторм, убивший 500 тысяч человек за одну ночь

On 12 November 1970, the deadliest cyclone in human history formed over the Bay of Bengal. In a single night, Cyclone Bhola killed between 300,000 and 500,000 people, drowning the low-lying islands of the Ganges Delta beneath a ten-metre storm surge. Thirteen months later, a new nation would be born on this land — Bangladesh. In this documentary we examine how a natural disaster became a political one. The eight meteorological factors that converged on the night of 12 November. The ten-metre wave that struck the delta islands at high tide. The forty-six percent of Tazumuddin Island's population killed in a single night. The two hundred international relief aircraft on the Dhaka tarmac, and the single Pakistani plane. Maulana Bhashani's speech on 23 November — the first declaration of independence for East Pakistan in history. The December 1970 elections, in which the Awami League won 160 of 162 seats. Operation Searchlight on 25 March 1971. The surrender of 93,000 Pakistani soldiers at Ramna Park on 16 December 1971. And the final question: what will happen when the sea rises in the night again. TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 The night that redrew the map 01:21 The Bay of Bengal as a deadly funnel 03:47 How Cyclone Bhola was born 05:09 Why water became a weapon 07:06 Eight factors of catastrophe 07:49 Warnings that never arrived 09:45 The shelters that were never built 11:29 Aid from outside and the silence of Islamabad 13:50 Manpura and the birth of BRAC 15:20 The speech of Maulana Bhashani 17:11 The 1970 election and the Awami League victory 18:36 From civil disobedience to Operation Searchlight 20:17 Bangladesh's war of independence 21:41 Why the disaster became a revolution 23:24 The lessons of Bhola and the future of the delta 📚 SOURCES AND SCIENTIFIC BASIS: ▪ Hossain, N. (2018). The 1970 Bhola cyclone, nationalist politics, and the subsistence crisis contract in Bangladesh. Disasters, 42(1), 187–203 — peer-reviewed study from the Institute of Development Studies (IDS, University of Sussex) on the link between Bhola and the birth of Bangladesh DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12235 ▪ NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory — official meteorological data on the cyclone, satellite chronology, and assessment of the storm surge https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hurricane_b... ▪ Mascarenhas, A. (1971). Genocide. The Sunday Times of London, 13 June 1971 — reportage by Pakistani journalist Anthony Mascarenhas that turned global opinion on the events in East Pakistan Archive: https://archive.org/details/GenocideA... ▪ Hossain, N. (2017). The Aid Lab: Understanding Bangladesh's Unexpected Success. Oxford University Press — monograph on the connection between the crises of 1970–1974 and the social contract of modern Bangladesh https://global.oup.com/academic/produ... ▪ Encyclopaedia Britannica — reference article on the 1970 Ganges-Brahmaputra delta cyclone https://www.britannica.com/event/Gang... ▪ Karim, M.F. & Mimura, N. (2008). Impacts of climate change and sea-level rise on cyclonic storm surge floods in Bangladesh. Global Environmental Change, 18(3), 490–500 — peer-reviewed study on the impact of climate change on storm surges in the Bay of Bengal DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2... ▪ IPCC AR6 (2021) — Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change with sea-level rise projections for the Bay of Bengal up to 2100 https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ ▪ History Workshop / Naomi Hossain (2018) — academic publication on parallels in political responses to natural disasters (Bhola 1970 / Maria 2017) https://www.historyworkshop.org.uk/en...