Exploración neurológica. Paso a paso

In this video, we review the complete neurological examination that every medical and health sciences student should know. [00:00] Introduction to the neurological examination, its diagnostic value, and the differentiation between the central and peripheral nervous systems. [02:35] The three components of peripheral nerves (sensory, motor, and autonomic) and their general functions. [03:30] Types of sensory receptors (touch, proprioception, nociception) and guidelines for bilateral and symmetrical assessment. [04:47] Anatomical distribution of sensation in the body by nerve levels (dermatomes: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral). [06:21] Diagnostic instruments for assessing sensation (tuning fork, Von Frey filaments, needle roller, and thermal stimuli). [09:59] Pathophysiology of the reflex arc and the components assessed through osteotendinous reflexes. [11:32] Gait analysis: Phases of the normal gait cycle (heel strike, flat foot, push-off) and limping variations. [14:38] Assessment of step length, cadence, base of support, and coordinated trunk movements. [17:03] Complex dynamic balance tests: Tandem and semi-tandem gait (cerebellar and auditory evaluation). [18:22] Specific deep tendon reflexes (Achilles, patellar, biceps, triceps), cross-legs test, and distraction maneuvers. [23:08] Assessment of segmental muscle strength using the Daniels scale (score from 0 to 5). [25:01] Examination of the autonomic nervous system (orthostatic pressure variation and sweat gland evaluation). [27:48] Central nervous system assessment: Cortical functions, memory (hippocampus), and the Glasgow Coma Scale. [31:28] Cerebellar and balance assessment: Dysarthria, nystagmus, and repetitive movement tests (dysdiadochokinesia). [33:33] Measurement tests (finger-to-nose), Romberg balance test, and closing remarks.