1.41 Кризис НЭПа и правый уклон (1928–1929)

"The Most Instructive Century" opens the lecture series on the "Cultural Code" channel. Doctor of Historical Sciences Alexander Shubin talks about the 20th century – the most dramatic and tragic in Russian history. This is an exceptional experience that will be useful to all of us in the 21st century. Lecture 41. The NEP Crisis and the Rightist Deviation (1928–1929) The NEP is collapsing. Trotsky is exiled. Is War Communism returning? The New Economic Policy is in acute crisis. Temporary stability gives way to food shortages. Peasants resist the "forced confiscation of grain." How does the term "kulak" become a tool for the repression of successful peasants? The All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) is fighting the "rightist deviation." Its leaders – Bukharin, Rykov, and Tomsky – advocate gradual reforms; Stalin sees this as a brake on radical change. The party faces a choice: maintain a moderate economic course or begin accelerated industrialization and collectivization? The Shakhty Trial of 1928. Stalin authorizes the OGPU to arrest managers and specialists. They are accused of undermining production. How do professionals suddenly become "saboteurs"? The April 1929 Central Committee Plenum and Conference of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) solidify the course toward accelerated growth of heavy industry and the de facto launch of the First Five-Year Plan. Ambitious modernization plans require enormous resources. Did Stalin become a Trotskyist, despite the official line? Why didn't the NEP lead to the expected economic growth? How did the decisions of the late 1920s influence the country's development in the following decades? 00:00 Why was the NEP necessary to replace it? 01:08 How did the bread shortage in the USSR increase? 02:16 How did they try to take grain from the peasants? 03:43 How were the peasants disposed toward dispossession? 05:07 What are the risks of returning to War Communism? 05:49 How did the party deceive the peasants? 08:09 Who were the kulaks? 11:05 How did the party-state apparatus "decompose"? 13:54 How did the population begin to rebel against grain confiscation? 15:03 Why did relations within the party leadership deteriorate? 17:38 How did Stalin try to defuse the emotional situation in the party? 22:05 What political mistake did Bukharin make? 25:10 How was Trotsky exiled from the USSR? 25:48 Why is Bukharin meeting with Kamenev? And what consequences does this lead to? 31:09 Why does Stalin demand that Bukharin adjust the Comintern program in a Trotskyist spirit? 34:00 The Shakhty Affair of 1928 – the saboteur trial 38:26 How were specialists blamed for industrial accidents? 40:41 Bukharin's article "Notes of an Economist" 45:38 From whom should the necessary resources be confiscated? 47:42 What was Stalin's new strategy? 51:00 The attack on the Institute of Red Professors and trade unions 51:58 What is artillery fork planning? 53:00 What information bomb did the Trotskyists detonate? 57:56 Joint Plenum of the Central Committee and Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), April 16-23, 1929 – criticism of Stalin 1:00:55 How do communists degenerate? 1:02:40 What was Stalin's idea of ​​how to manage the economy? 1:06:07 Stalin's victory, the course toward accelerated industrialization, and the Five-Year Plan 1:09:02 Prospects for industrial growth in the USSR and collectivization 1:10:24 When did the NEP end? 1:11:16 How will Soviet society change during the First Five-Year Plan? #rightwardbias #shakhtycase #firstfive-yearplan