Імперії, змови і переділ світу: як будували глобальні правила | Іван Гомза | Поза Формулами

World order seems obvious: international law, state borders, diplomacy, global institutions. But it wasn’t always like that. How did the system of international relations actually emerge? Were there universal rules before the Peace of Westphalia? And why does the balance of power often turn out to be stronger than any treaties and international law? In this episode of the podcast “Beyond Formulas,” Volodymyr Strashko talks to political scientist and professor Ivan Gomza about how world order was formed — from ancient empires and medieval polities to the modern system of states. We analyze how international relations worked in a world where nations in the modern sense did not exist, how the idea of ​​sovereignty arose, why the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 is often called the beginning of the international system, and why many historians consider it more a myth than the true birthplace of the modern world order. In the conversation, we talk about how empires, dynasties, and states changed the rules of the game in world politics, why war has been a normal part of international relations for centuries, how the infrastructure of the state—taxes, armies, roads, schools, administration—gradually created modern nations, and why international law almost never works without force. We also talk about the balance of power, the emergence of diplomacy, the transformation of political systems in Europe, and how 19th-century technologies—railroads, the telegraph, mass education—changed the very nature of states and international politics. This conversation helps us understand how the world is actually governed: through the balance of power, through institutions, through the economic and military capabilities of states. If you are interested in geopolitics, the history of international relations, the origin of states, empires, the balance of power, international law, and the formation of a global order, this issue will help you better understand the logic of world politics and how the rules by which the world lives today were built. The guest of the episode is Ivan Gomza, a political scientist, professor at the Kyiv School of Economics and a researcher of the history of statehood and political institutions. The host is Volodymyr Strashko, author of the podcast “Beyond Formulas”, where complex topics about science, society, economics and politics are explained in simple language for a wide audience. In this episode, we talk about world order, international relations, geopolitics, the Westphalian system, the balance of power, international law, empires, the history of states, the origin of nations, global politics, the history of the international system, how modern states arose and how the rules of global politics were formed. This is a conversation for those who want to understand how world politics works, why states behave the way they do, and why the history of world order helps to better understand modern conflicts and geopolitical processes. Follow the guest:   / ivan.gomza   And the host:   / v.i.strashko   #geopolitics #internationalrelations #worldorder #history #politics #beyondformulas 00:00 Introduction: what is the world order and why it seems to us that it is collapsing 02:20 Did global politics exist before the modern era 08:10 The ancient world: polities, war as a norm and diplomacy without diplomats 15:50 The Middle Ages: the plurality of sovereignties and a complex system of loyalties 23:40 How did the power of dynasties work: inheritance, family politics and parceling 31:20 The crisis of the 17th century: wars, climate and demographic shock 39:00 The Peace of Westphalia: why 1648 became a symbol of world order 46:40 The Patrimonial State: When the State Could Literally Be Sold 54:20 Competition among States for People, Taxes, and Resources 01:02:10 Technology and the State: Roads, the Telegraph, and the New Infrastructure of Power 01:09:30 How the State Creates Nations: Schools, the Army, and Mass Politics 01:16:10 The Congress of Vienna and the Balance of Power in Europe