Lex Iulia de civitate.

After a series of embarrassing defeats in 90 BCE, even the most hardline Romans realized the gravity of the situation. Rome's war with the Allies was taking a decidedly unfavorable turn for the Eternal City, a fact evident even to the communities that had remained loyal to the Tiber Republic during that fateful year. To prevent the spread of rebellion, Rome, at the turn of 90 and 89 BCE, yielded to its allies, who had been deprived of full citizenship rights, and proposed the first package of citizenship extensions to communities previously deprived of it. The most important piece of legislation in this package was the Lex Julia de civitate, authored by the outgoing consul Lucius Julius Caesar. 0:00 - introduction 2:21 - Tribunal of Wariusz Hybrida 9:43 - Lex Iulia de civitate 15:35 - Lex Calpurnia BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. C. Dart, "The social war. 91 to 88 BCE. A history of the Italian insurgency against the Roman Republic." London/New York, Routledge 2016. 2. A. Keaveney, "Rome and the unification of Italy". Bristol Phoenix Press 2005. 3. P. Matyszak, "Cataclysm 90 BC. The forgotten wa that almost destroyed Rome", Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley 2014. 4. G. Sampson, "The Collapse of Rome: Marius, Sulla on the First Civil War", Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley 2020. 5. L. Telford, "Sulla: A Dictator Reconsidered", Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley 2014. 1. Appian of Alexandria, "Roman History. Books XIII - XVII. Civil Wars" http://biblioteka.kijowski.pl/apian%2... 2. Asconius Pedianus Quintus, "Commentaries on five speeches of Cicero" (transl. S. Squires), Bristol Classical Press, Bristol 1990. 3. Velejus Paterculus, "Roman History" (trans. E. Zwolski), Wrocław 1970. http://zbigkurzawa.eu/paterculus_hist... GRAPHICS: The characters Vidacilius, Laphrenius, Scaton, Mutilus, Lamponius, Duilius, Egnatius, Cepion Jr., Lupus, Strabo, L. Julius Caesar, S. Julius Caesar, Cato, Plotius, Minatius, Varius, Scaurus, Bestia, and L. Memmius are taken from screenshots from the game Total War: Rome II by Creative Assembly. Rome Icon: https://imgbin.com/png/u3rSA0Yf/roman... Mummius's Mummy: https://www.thenotsoinnocentsabroad.c... Popedius Silon: https://m.facebook.com/Piccolanoce/ph... Gaius Marius: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... Sulla: https://imperiumromanum.pl/biografie/... Mithridates VI: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi... Other important Romans: https://imperiumromanum.pl/en/article... Coins depicting Italian: https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage...) https://www.forumancientcoins.com/his... 💲 SUPPORT 💲: https://patronite.pl/kronikahistorii (subscriptions) buycoffee.to/kronikahistorii (one-time donations) CREDITS: Text, voice, graphics, animations, and editing - Aleksander Kocan CONTACT: [email protected]