GlucoNEOgénesis: síntesis de glucosa a partir de piruvato, lactato, glicerol y aminoácidos

#biochemistry #glucose #metabolism I'll explain the importance, enzymes, and reactions involved in gluconeogenesis. This process mainly occurs in the liver and kidneys, and happens when glucose levels drop (physiological fasting, induced fasting, and physical exercise). ►Contents: 0:00 Intro 0:11 What is gluconeogenesis? 1:09 Enzymatic steps 6:44 Lactate as a substrate 7:42 Glycerol as a substrate 8:58 Glucogenic amino acids as substrates 10:11 Glucose release into the bloodstream ►Additional information: To form one glucose molecule from two pyruvate molecules, four ATPs, two GTPs, and two NADH molecules are required. It is a very energy-intensive biochemical process. Gluconeogenesis is inhibited in cancerous cells of gluconeogenic organs. This occurs in order to keep glycolysis active. Glucogenic amino acids: alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid (aspartate), cysteine, glutamic acid (glutamate), glutamine, glycine, histidine, methionine, proline, serine, threonine, and valine. The kidneys can provide approximately 40% of glucose during fasting and even more during starvation. The human small intestine can use propionate from bacterial fermentation as a substrate for gluconeogenesis. In ruminants, propionate is the main substrate for gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is carried out by humans, fungi, plants, and bacteria. ► Sources used for the video: Melkonian EA, et al. Physiology, Gluconeogenesis. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB... -Quaye E, et al. Energy expenditure due to gluconeogenesis in pathological conditions of insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2021;321(6):E795-E801. Available at: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/f... -Udin I, et al. Magnitude of gluconeogenesis and endogenous glucose production: are they predictable in clinical settings? Clinical Nutrition. 2021;40(6):3807-3814. Available at: https://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.... -Leithner K. Epigenetic Marks Repressing Gluconeogenesis in Liver and Kidney Cancer. Cancer Res. 2020;80(4):657-658. Available at: https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/ar... -Thorens B. Neuronal regulation of glucagon secretion and gluconeogenesis. J Diabetes Investigative 2022. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1... -Rendell MS. Current and emerging gluconeogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Expert Opinion Pharmacother. 2021. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1...