Glucólisis EXPLICADA FÁCIL - paso a paso: Aeróbica vs Anaeróbica (2 vs 32 ATP) | Bioquímica

In this video, I explain glycolysis step by step with an easy-to-understand, exam-oriented explanation: phases, key reactions, where NADH is formed, how ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation, and the difference between aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis (pyruvate → acetyl-CoA with O₂ vs. pyruvate → lactate without O₂). We also use the modern ATP calculation (NADH = 2.5 ATP; FADH₂ = 1.5 ATP), and it becomes clear why, in anaerobic conditions, NADH does NOT go to the respiratory chain: it is used to reduce pyruvate to lactate (LDH) and regenerate NAD⁺. ✅ Final result: anaerobic glycolysis = 2 net ATP vs. total aerobic oxidation = 32 ATP. ✅ Final result: anaerobic glycolysis = 2 net ATP vs. total aerobic oxidation = 32 ATP. Bonus exam: PDH vs LDH switching when O₂ levels drop and hexokinase/PFK-1/pyruvate kinase regulation (hormonal: insulin; allosteric: G6P, AMP, etc.). 📌 FREE NOTES Write the keyword “ATP” in the comments and I'll send them to you via DM on Instagram. 🔗 Instagram: https://ig.me/m/nadtochiy.roman 🔗 TikTok: 🧠 What you absolutely need to know (EXAM KEY) Preparatory Phase: Why 2 ATP are invested From C6 to C3: Everything “below” the trioses is doubled Where NADH is formed and what changes with/without O₂ Pyruvate → lactate (LDH) and glycolytic redox (NAD ↔ NADH) Modern ATP counting and comparison of 2 vs 32 ATP Regulation: hexokinase, PFK-1, pyruvate kinase (insulin + allosteric) ✅ Chapters 00:00 Intro 01:14 Fates of glucose: pentose phosphate pathway vs glycolysis 03:10 What is glycolysis: the “link that "was missing" 04:01 Preparatory stage: glucose → trioses (investment) 08:43 Gain stage: G3P → 1,3-BPG (NADH is formed) 09:38 Substrate-level phosphorylation: how ATP is formed 11:07 Fates of pyruvate: aerobic vs. anaerobic 12:52 Pyruvate → lactate (LDH): key reaction 12:56 Glycolytic redox: NAD ↔ NADH cycle 16:07 From C6 to C3: why everything from trioses goes x2 17:43 Modern counting: NADH = 2.5 ATP and FADH2 = 1.5 ATP 18:19 ATP in anaerobiosis: net result 2 ATP 20:52 ATP in aerobiosis: total result 32 ATP 24:30 Switching: competition PDH vs LDH 25:48 When O2 decreases: the chain slows down → PDH is inhibited → lactate is produced 27:17 Regulation: hormonal and allosteric (G6P, AMP) 30:02 Closing remarks + next class: gluconeogenesis + CTA ▶️ Next class: gluconeogenesis. 👍 If you found this helpful: like, subscribe, and comment “ATP” for the notes.