Life Before Mammals in the Late Paleozoic Era (When Animals Moved to Land!) | GEO GIRL

Carboniferous and Permian Life was SO COOL! If I were in charge of names, I would call this time frame the age of trees and amphibians! (But maybe by the Permian the age of amphibians would've become the age of reptilians instead lol) Land was newly inhabited by vegetation and trees were spreading. Moist swamp environments were at there most widespread and these swamp environments allowed fish to branch out onto land. Starting with Tiktaalik, lobe finned fish began walking in the shallow margins of swamps and not too long after that they had fully evolved into amphibians which fully walked on land after their development in the water. As amphibians evolved and diversified, eventually the egg shell evolved, eliminating the necessity of laying eggs (and living) near water. These newly evolved amniote egg laying creatures were reptiles. Reptiles rapidly diversified and took over the land from amphibians. These reptiles eventually evolved into therapsids which eventually evolved into mammals and diapsids which eventually evolved into dinosaurs & birds. References: Earth System History: https://amzn.to/3v1Iy0G GEO GIRL Website: https://www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, and donate to support the channel if you'd like!) Studying for an exam? Schedule Tutoring with me: https://GEOGIRLTutoring.as.me/ Hey there, Earth enthusiast! Check my favorite Earth-friendly products: Bamboo toilet paper: https://shrsl.com/3cvku Bamboo paper towels: https://shrsl.com/3cvkw Compostable tableware: https://shrsl.com/3cvkz Compostable trash bags: https://shrsl.com/3cvl0 Bamboo cutlery + straw! : https://shrsl.com/3cwfl Eco-Friendly Tote (great for grocery shopping!): https://shrsl.com/3cwfp Reusable straws + cleaning brushes (my fav!): https://shrsl.com/3cwft Eco-friendly laundry detergent: https://shrsl.com/3cwgo Directly offset your carbon footprint with Wren: https://www.wren.co/ (Just click link, press get started, take the free C footprint quiz, then choose how much you want to reduce your footprint by donating to the C sequestration projects they're funding!) Non-textbook books I recommend: Oxygen by D. Canfield: https://amzn.to/3gffbCL Brief history of Earth by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/3w3hC1I Life on young planet by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/2RBMpny Some assembly required by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3w1Ezm2 Your inner fish by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3cpw3Wb Oxygen by N. Lane: https://amzn.to/3z4FgwZ Alien Oceans by K. Hand: https://amzn.to/3clMx1l Life's Engines: https://amzn.to/3w1Nhke Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student: Geology field notebook: https://amzn.to/3lb6dJf Geology rock hammer: https://amzn.to/3DZw8MA Geological compass: https://amzn.to/3hfbdLu Geological hand lens: https://amzn.to/3jXysM5 Camera: https://amzn.to/3l6fGRT Carbon-neutral pencil bag: https://shrsl.com/3cvjv Carbon-neutral backpack: https://shrsl.com/3cvkc 0:00 Geologic Timing 0:35 After Late Devonian Extinctions 2:04 Shift to Rapid Swimmers 2:56 Brachiopods & Mollusks 3:37 Mississippian Crinoid Meadows 5:08 Best Late Paleozoic Index Fossils 6:33 Shift in Reefs 8:07 Carboniferous Swamp Vegetation 11:20 Carboniferous Woodland Trees 12:38 Freshwater Infiltration 13:13 Giant Insects 14:39 Amphibians were first on land 15:22 Amniote Eggs allowed Terrestrial Lifestyle 16:25 Reptiles replaced Amphibians 17:09 Dimetrodon led to Mammal Ancestors 17:32 Reason for Therapsid Success 18:29 Related videos & references Disclaimer: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission, but there is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! And as always, let me know your topic suggestions in the comments down below!