Hunga Tonga Volcano Update; Devastation, Survival, & Recovery 1 Year Later

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano in Tonga on January 15th of 2022 produced a large and destructive tsunami through a new volcanic eruption which destroyed much of the existing island in a powerful explosion. This marked the most powerful explosive eruption on the planet of the 21st century, likely ejecting more than 10 cubic kilometers of volcanic rock. It is now 1 year later and little remains of the once green island. This video discusses the caldera collapse and shows footage from the aftermath of Hunga Tonga's powerful volcanic eruption. A special thanks to: Taaniela Kula, Pupunu Tukuafu, Shane Cronin, Sung-Hyun Park, & Marta Ribo for providing video footage of the volcano above sea level post caldera collapse and scans of the seafloor with its new caldera Thumbnail Photo Credit: NOAA, public domain. Image was then colorized with hotspot.ai commercial license credits. Image was then overlayed with the GeologyHub logo, orange border overlay, text, and the text was bordered in the color black. If you would like to support this channel, consider becoming a patron at   / geologyhub  . Become a channel member to get access to perks:    / @geologyhub   Another way to support this channel is to make an order via our gemstone and geology related etsy store at http://prospectingarizona.etsy.com. Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231–1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by    / geologyhub   on Oct 5th, 2022. Note: When a graphic is used in this video which describes attribution, the information, image, illustration, or video is only being attributed to that source for the duration that the attribution is being displayed on screen. When the attribution disappears mid sentence or paragraph, the information in the remainder of that sentence or paragraph is NOT being attributed to the prior source. Thus, whatever license and/or copyright applies to the attributed media/information does not apply to the media/information when the attribution being shown on screen disappears. Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers This video is protected under “fair use”. If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes. A list of Creative Commons licenses and other licenses (such as content being marked as "public domain" by a specific government as an example) used for specific content (such as image/images, video/videos, sound/sounds, data/information, or a smaller image or images within a larger diagram or diagrams within the video where the video as a whole does not entirely fall under the same license (content falling under one or more of these licenses is typically labeled on screen in the lower right corner (and occasionally in the lower left corner) or in the video's description with a timestamp)) in this video: Public Domain: https://creativecommons.org/publicdom... CC BY 3.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... CC BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Do note that content in the public domain or under a Creative Commons license within this video will be specifically marked as such. If an image, video, chart, scientific paper, graphic, information, data, sound, or other media is not marked as falling under such, assume that it does not fall under a public domain or a Creative Commons license. Sources/Citations: [1] Marco Brenna, Shane Cronin, Ian Smith, Alessio Pontesilli, Manuela Tost, Simon Barker, Sisi Tongaonevai, "Post-caldera volcanism reveals shallow priming of an intra-ocean arc andesitic caldera: Hunga volcano, Tonga, SW Pacific", Preprint, 2022, https://eartharxiv.org/repository/vie..., Doi: https://doi.org/10.31223/X5QP8V, CC BY 4.0 [2] Diaz, J. Atmosphere-solid earth coupling signals generated by the 15 January 2022 Hunga-Tonga eruption. Commun Earth Environ 3, 281 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00..., CC BY 4.0 [3] U.S. Geological Survey [4] Hawaiian Volcano Observatory [5] Boris Behncke, INGV [6] Twitter conversations with Shane Cronin (@scronin70 on Twitter), and conversations with him via email [7] NOAA, GOES-17 (GOES-West) [8] Diagrams, Photos, and Videos courtesy of Taaniela Kula, Pupunu Tukuafu, Shane Cronin, Sung-Hyun Park, & Marta Ribo, Used with Permission 0:00 Hunga Tonga Erupts 0:23 Before and After 2:44 Volcanic Rocks Exposed 3:32 Hunga Tonga Island 4:00 Conclusion