كيف حاصر المعتمد بن عباد مدينة طليطلة ليسلمها إلى الأعداء حفاظا على عرشه؟ | تاريخ مؤلم | الحلقة 7

The betrayal of Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, when a Muslim king besieged a Muslim city to starve its people to death and then handed it over to the enemies to preserve his throne. Obsessive thoughts afflicted Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad… he betrayed the Muslims… he allied with Alfonso against them in Al-Andalus, causing the fall of Toledo—the most ancient and important city of Al-Andalus—into the hands of the Christian kingdoms. Then he called upon the Muslims to protect Al-Andalus from Alfonso and fought under the banner of the Almoravids, only to return to his obsessive thoughts once again and ally with Alfonso against the Muslims. Al-Andalus was once a flourishing, prosperous state, a center of knowledge and scholars. It was overturned by divisions, coups, and alliances, transforming from an Umayyad Caliphate into rival Taifa kingdoms. This ended the Islamic presence, and Al-Andalus fell under Christian rule, with Muslims paying jizya to them after Christians once paid it to Muslims. Among the laws of downfall is believing in illusions… and also trusting enemies at the expense of alliance with brothers. This drove rulers to commit the vilest and most heinous acts for the sake of gaining or keeping power. How did this happen? When? Who were the main actors in this betrayal and its story? What was the state of Al-Andalus when Muslims were divided into warring kingdoms and factions? Sources: The History of Ibn Khaldun – Ibn Khaldun Al-Ihata fi Akhbar Gharnata – Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib Al-Bayan al-Mughrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wal-Maghrib – Ibn Idhari al-Marrakushi A'lam Malaga – Ibn Askar al-Malaqi Nihayat al-Arab fi Funun al-Adab – Shihab al-Din al-Nuwayri Matla’ al-Anwar wa Nuzhat al-Basa’ir wal-Absar – Ibn Khumays Al-Mu’jib fi Talkhis Akhbar al-Maghrib – Abdul Wahid al-Marrakushi Al-Istiqsa li-Akhbar Duwal al-Maghrib al-Aqsa – Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri Al-Ibar fi Khabar man Ghabar – Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi Al-Hillah al-Sira’ – Ibn al-Abbar Al-Silah fi Tarikh A’imma al-Andalus – Ibn Bashkuwal Al-Dhakhira fi Mahasin Ahl al-Jazira – al-Shantarini Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh – Ibn al-Athir Nafh al-Tib min Ghusn al-Andalus – al-Maqri al-Tilmisani Shadharāt al-Dhahab fi Akhbār man Dhahab – Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali The Revival of Islam in Al-Andalus – Ali al-Muntasir al-Kattani The Islamic State in Al-Andalus – Muhammad Abdullah Anan Timestamps: 00:00 Episode introduction 00:23 Introductory overview 02:10 Timeline review 03:11 Prosperity and stability phase 10:17 The Ibn Hafsun revolt 12:53 Abd al-Rahman al-Nasir unites all of Al-Andalus in 929 AD 14:59 Early signs of betrayal and weakness 19:21 Beginning of division and rise of the Taifa kings 22:24 Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad's betrayal 26:28 End of betrayal and return to strength 30:01 Arrival of Ibn Tashfin – Battle of Sagrajas 33:42 Impact and implications 34:18 Conspiring against brothers breaks the backbone 34:50 Alliance with the enemy leads only to decline 35:15 Brotherhood and swift unity bring victory and empowerment 35:30 The enemy's promises are false—never trust them 36:09 If the enemy gains power over you, they will attack without regard for any alliance or agreement