Síntese de Lipídeos - Aula para Ensino Superior

Lipid Synthesis – Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols, and Membrane Lipids Main topics of this lesson: 1. Introduction to Lipid Synthesis Types of lipids synthesized endogenously: fatty acids, triacylglycerols, membrane lipids, cholesterol, and eicosanoids. Relationship between excess nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and ethanol) and body fat formation. Central role of acetyl-CoA as the basic unit of lipid biosynthesis. 2. Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Production How glucose is converted to pyruvate and then to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. The role of citrate as a transporter of acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Conversion of citrate to cytosolic acetyl-CoA by citrate lyase. Sources of NADPH (pentose phosphate pathway and malic enzyme). 3. Formation of Malonyl-CoA and Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis Reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Allosteric regulation (citrate and palmitoyl-CoA) and hormonal regulation (insulin, glucagon, and adrenaline). Function of malonyl-CoA as an inhibitor of β-oxidation via carnitine acyltransferase I. 4. Fatty Acid Synthase Complex (FAS) Structure and function of the multienzyme complex. Role of ACP (acyl carrier protein) and the phosphopantetheine group (vitamin B5). The steps of synthesis: condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction. Palmitate (C16) formation after seven cycles and consumption of acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and NADPH. 5. Fatty Acid Elongation and Desaturation. Chain elongation in the endoplasmic reticulum (formation of stearyl-CoA, C18). Insertion of double bonds by desaturases (position Δ9, Δ6, Δ5). Difference between saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Importance of omega-3 and omega-6 (linoleic and α-linolenic) as essential in the diet. 6. Triacylglycerol (TAG) Synthesis Formation of triacylglycerol from glycerol-3-phosphate and activated 3 acyl-CoA. Sources of glycerol-3-phosphate: glycolysis, glycerol kinase (liver), and glyceroneogenesis (fasting). Formation of phosphatidate and its bifurcation into TAG or membrane lipids. Final assembly of triacylglycerol and metabolic fate (storage or export via VLDL). Additional content on the channel: ✅ Lesson on Cholesterol Synthesis:    • Metabolismo de COLESTEROL | Aula para Ensi...   ✅ Lesson on the Pentose Phosphate Pathway:    • VIA DAS PENTOSES -  Explicação passo a pas...   ✅ Lipoprotein Metabolism:    • METABOLISMO DE LIPOPROTEÍNAS - VLDL, LDL, ...   ✅ Fatty Acid Mobilization:    • Mobilização de Triacilglicerol (Lipólise e...   ✅ Lesson on Vitamin D and Derived Lipids:    • VITAMINAS - Aula para Ensino Superior   💡 Watch until the end to understand how energy metabolism, insulin, and excess carbohydrates connect to body fat synthesis — in a clear, visual, and didactic way! 📚 Ideal for: students of Biomedicine, Medicine, Nutrition, Pharmacy, and health-related courses. 🔔 Subscribe to the channel, activate the bell, and continue learning Biochemistry in a simple, fun, and scientific way! 👉 Support the channel 😊 PIX key: [email protected]