Cuerpos cetónicos [cetoGÉNESIS y cetóLISIS]

#ketogenesis #keto #ketonuria #ketoacidosis The formation of ketone bodies and their catabolism are explained. ►Contents: 0:00 Introduction 0:17 Requirements for ketogenesis 1:02 Conversion of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA 2:36 Enzymatic steps of ketogenesis 5:58 Catabolism of ketone bodies 8:50 Conclusion ►Additional information: Ketone bodies are water-soluble, therefore they do not require lipoproteins for their transport. Even under normal circumstances, the body generates ketone bodies, but in small amounts. Hydroxybutyrate is the predominant ketone body in urine and blood during ketosis. Acetoacetate has a pKa of 3.6, and beta-hydroxybutyrate has a pKa of 4.7. Although it is the main site of ketone body production, the liver does not utilize ketone bodies because it lacks the necessary beta-ketoacyl-CoA transferase enzyme. Mitochondria in astrocytes and kidneys can also perform ketogenesis, but to a limited extent. Ketogenesis eliminates up to two-thirds of the lipids that enter the liver, and its dysregulation contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. 1 acetoacetate yields 19 ATPs, and 1 hydroxybutyrate generates 21.5 ATPs. ► Scientific articles consulted for this video: Dhillon KK, Gupta S. Biochemistry, Ketogenesis. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB... -Goldberg EL, et al. Ketogenesis activates metabolically protective γδ T cells in visceral adipose tissue. Nature Metabolism. 2020;2(1):50-61. Available at: https://sci-hub.wf/10.1038/s42255-019... -Mooli RGR, Ramakrishnan SK. Emerging Role of Hepatic Ketogenesis in Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol. 2022;13:946474. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... -Jiang Z, et al. Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Aging Dis. 2022;13(4):1146-1165. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...