Il CONGRESSO di VIENNA e la RESTAURAZIONE

► SUBSCRIBE HERE: https://steadyhq.com/it/lastoriasultu... To define the new course that began on September 18, 1814, with the opening of the Congress of Vienna, the Swiss historian Karl Ludwig von Haller coined the term “restoration.” The United Kingdom, Russia, Austria, and Prussia, who had triumphed over Napoleon, pushed for a return to good relations between politics and religion: an alliance of the throne with the altar. In this period, the Church, supported by the various monarchies, regained power: faith, not reason, must guide the man of the restoration. This is what the Savoyard Joseph de Maistre, one of the greatest ideologists of this period, argued, placing Catholicism as the necessary basis for the new Europe. De Maistre was not the only one to present reactionary theses critical of the Enlightenment. A new cultural movement began to emerge: Romanticism. In Vienna, between November 1, 1814 and June 9, 1815, hundreds of representatives of large and small states are present. Despite this, only four men ultimately make the most important decisions. These are: Lord Castlereagh for the United Kingdom; Prince Klemens von Metternich for Austria; Count Nesselrode for Russia and Prince von Hardenberg for Prussia. There is also a representative for France: Prince Talleyrand, a veteran of revolutionary assemblies and foreign minister under Napoleon. A key principle of the entire congress is that of legitimacy: Napoleon had deposed dozens of rulers, now each dynasty must return to its respective throne. The idea of ​​balance at the base of the congress is embodied in the concept of the “European concert”. Various agreements are signed in Vienna, but one stands out above all others: the Holy Alliance. The Holy Alliance, signed on September 26, 1815, has a strong religious charge: the right to intervene in European affairs derives from the responsibilities of the rulers before God. In November 1815, the United Kingdom also decides to create its own alliance, without involving God: the Quadruple Alliance with Russia, Prussia and Austria. In 1818, France would also be invited, thus forming the Quintuple Alliance. While the great powers ally themselves, giving life to this new structure, the Italian peninsula also experiences a period of great changes and, for many, a return to normality. Despite the Holy Alliance, the bilateral agreements and the return of dukes, grand dukes and kings, the peninsula will never be the same again. Napoleon left something, a seed, an idea for a people divided for centuries that not even the harshest repression could have stopped: the idea of ​​Italy. ► Discord Server:   / discord   ► Instagram (@lastoriasultubo):   / lastoriasul…   ► TikTok (@lastoriasultubo): https://vm.tiktok.com/ZM8tS7YR1/ ► Facebook:   / lastoriasultubo   ================================== 00:00 - What is the Restoration 01:53 - The Congress of Vienna and the European Map 04:11 - The Holy Alliance and the Quadruple Alliance 05:25 - The Restoration in Italy ================================== A Specter Film Collective production www.specterfilmcollective.com STARRING: Francesco Furesi, Pietro Iacopo Benzi ARTISTIC DIRECTION: Francesco Furesi SCREENPLAY: Pietro Iacopo Benzi, Francesco Furesi HISTORY CONTENTS: Pietro Iacopo Benzi TEXT REVIEW: Francesca Faverio PHOTOGRAPHY: Mattia Rossetti DIRECT AUDIO: Edoardo Conti EDITING: Edoardo Conti SHORTS EDITING: Martin Palacios MOTION DESIGN: Francesco Furesi, Mattia Rossetti, Lauryn Stella STOCK FOOTAGE: Pietro Iacopo Benzi COVER: Simone Acquaroli SOUND DESIGN & MIX: Andrea Romani PRODUCTION: Caterina Scalfi SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGER: Fulvio Matera