As Três Descobertas Científicas que Transformaram a Física: Raios X, Elétron e Radioatividade

Between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the world began to see the invisible, understand the atom from within, and discover that matter can emit energy from nothing. In less than a decade, three discoveries shook the foundations of classical physics and paved the way for the scientific revolution of the 20th century: X-rays, the electron, and radioactivity. Wilhelm Röntgen revealed hidden images within the human body, J. J. Thomson unveiled a particle smaller than the atom, showing that it was not indivisible as previously thought, and Marie Curie, with tireless determination, discovered the radioactivity of matter, a disconcerting property in the light of classical physics. These discoveries were not merely accidental or ingenious, as we will see throughout this series; they changed the very concept of physical reality. In this video, you will understand how each of these discoveries (X-rays, the electron, and radioactivity) emerged from unexpected, often accidental contexts, and how they connect to form the basis of what we understand today as quantum physics. • Follow Verve Científica on social media: instagram.com/Verve.Cientifica facebook.com/VerveCientifica e-mail: [email protected] The Verve Científica project is supported by the Federal University of São Paulo (ICT-UNIFESP) through its university extension program. Follow the UNIFESP channel:    / canalunifesp   Link to my Lattes Curriculum (Eudes Fileti): http://lattes.cnpq.br/5294929829300325 BASIC REFERENCES - CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS [1] STENGER, Victor J. The Unconscious Quantum: Metaphysics in Modern Physics and Cosmology. 1st ed. Prometheus Books, 1995. [2] LINDLEY, David. Boltzmann’s Atom: The Great Debate That Launched a Revolution in Physics. 1st ed. Free Press, 2001. [3] LINDLEY, David. Uncertainty: Einstein, Heisenberg, Bohr, and the Struggle for the Soul of Science. 1st ed. Anchor Books, 2007. [4] LINDLEY, David. Where Does the Weirdness Go? Why Quantum Mechanics Is Strange, but Not as Strange as You Think. 1st ed. Basic Books, 1996. [5] CREASE, Robert P.; MANN, Charles C. The Second Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Twentieth-Century Physics. 1st ed. Rutgers University Press, 1996. [6] GAMOW, George. Thirty Years That Shook Physics: The Story of Quantum Theory. 1st ed. Dover Publications, 1985. [7] OERTER, Robert. The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics. 1st ed. Pi Press, 2006. [8] BALL, Philip. Beyond Weird: Why Everything You Thought You Knew about Quantum Physics Is Different. 1st ed. University of Chicago Press, 2018. [9] KUMAR, Manjit. Quantum: Einstein, Bohr, and the Great Debate about the Nature of Reality. 1st ed. W. W. Norton & Company, 2010. [10] OMNÈS, Roland. The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. 1st ed. Princeton University Press, 1994. [11] BRENNAN, Richard P. Heisenberg Probably Slept Here: The Lives, Times, and Ideas of the Great Physicists of the 20th Century. 1st ed. John Wiley & Sons, 1997. [12] BRICMONT, Jean. Quantum Sense and Nonsense. 2nd ed. Springer, 2017. BASIC REFERENCES - TECHNICAL-MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS) [13] FEYNMAN, Richard P.; LEIGHTON, Robert B.; SANDS, Matthew. The Feynman Lectures on Physics. New Millennium ed. Basic Books, 2011. [14] TIPLER, Paul A.; LLEWELLYN, Ralph A. Modern Physics. 6th ed. W. H. Freeman and Company, 2012. [15] YOUNG, Hugh D.; FREEDMAN, Roger A.; SEARS, Francis W.; ZEMANSKY, Mark W. University Physics with Modern Physics. 13th ed. Addison-Wesley, 2012. [16] SERWAY, Raymond A.; JEWETT Jr., John W. Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics. 10th ed. Cengage Learning, 2018. [17] KNIGHT, Randall D. Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics. 4th ed. Pearson, 2017. [18] SAKURAI, J. J.; NAPOLITANO, Jim. Modern Quantum Mechanics. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2020. [19] javalab.org [20] geogebra.org [21] https://phet.colorado.edu [22] Curie, P. & Curie, M., Les nouvelles substances radioactives et les rayons qu'elles émettent, rapport présenté au Congrès international de physique (réuni à Paris, 1900), publié par Gauthier-Villars, 1900. (Report included in the volume of Rapports présentés au Congrès international de physique; see Vol. III, pp. 79–113). Some images and clips were taken from Pexels and Pixabay. www.pixabay.com www.pexels.com Some clips/images were taken from the channel's video below. Check out their excellent quality content! ► Siemens Healthineers Channel:    • The history of X-ray: a journey through ti...   ► Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Channel:    • Roentgen anniversary: 125 years of new ins...   ► Frontiers of Infinity Channel:    • How Did Atoms Form From Nothing? The First...   ► Channel Reactions:    • How Does Fluorescence Work?   ► Advanced Tinkering Channel:    • Uranium Ore in My Homemade Cloud Chamber