When to pray ʿIshāʾ and Fajr and begin fasting during persistent twilight

At high latitudes in the summer, the sky does not become completely dark. Twilight remains throughout the night. This presentation attempts to explain the time for ʿIshāʾ, Fajr and beginning the fast during persistent twilight, according to the Ḥanafī school of thought. Note: If white twilight does not set, the disappearance of red twilight should be considered the beginning of ʿIshāʾ. If red twilight too does not set, ʿIshāʾ can be offered as qaḍāʾ. This is an important clarification, because the video does not mention red twilight directly. Links: The relevant discussion in Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Dur al-Mukhtār: https://goo.gl/UxySV8 Muwaqqit (salah time calculator): https://www.muwaqqit.com Sky Simulation of Persistent Twilight:    • Sky simulation of persistent twilight   A misapplication of Aqrab al-Ayyām during persistent twilight: https://docs.muwaqqit.com/#/aqrab-al-... Checked by Mufti Sajid Patel (London) Feedback: [email protected]  [email protected]