1.77 План перестройки и Чернобыльская катастрофа (1986)

"The Most Instructive Century" opens the lecture series on the "Cultural Code" channel. Historian Alexander Shubin talks about the 20th century – the most dramatic and tragic in Russian history. An exceptional experience that will be useful to all of us in the 21st century. Lecture 77. The Perestroika Plan and the Chernobyl Disaster (1986) Operation "Cooperation"? At the 27th Congress of the CPSU, the general model of perestroika is formulated: acceleration, business accounting, glasnost, democratization, the "human factor," and new thinking. Gorbachev attempts to revive the planned economy with market incentives. But can such a mechanism work without competition and flexible prices? The USSR is studying the Chinese experience and even partially implementing it. But the "Chinese way" is not becoming the Soviet way: China in the 1980s is at a different stage of development, relying on the countryside and cheap labor. At the end of the decade, the country experiences inflation, shortages, and protests. Chernobyl becomes the limit of acceleration. A test at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant is carried out as a way to improve the plant's safety, but it turns into a disaster: more than 659,000 people are exposed to radiation. The accident reveals the fragility of the technological and management systems. Why didn't the USSR become China? Why was Chernobyl not only a disaster but also the limit of Gorbachev's acceleration? Why is the perestroika plan too fragile? #perestroika #chernobyl #chineseway 0:00 IT company Aston presents a preview of the series 0:24 Perestroika: a mistake or an opportunity? 1:53 Was perestroika possible according to the Chinese scenario? 3:37 "Change Nothing" as an Alternative to Reform 5:18 The State, the Market, and the Problem of Goods for the Soviet People 9:28 The Soviet People Demand Comfort and Choice 13:35 Equality and Nomenklatura Privileges 15:38 The Powers of Officials versus Real Needs 17:53 The 27th Congress of the CPSU Announces the Perestroika Program 19:02 The Center Focuses on Strategy, Enterprises Receive Authority 22:58 Acceleration, Business Accountability, Glasnost, and Democratization 24:57 "The Human Factor": Gorbachev Relies on Initiative 26:27 New Thinking Becomes Part of Perestroika 27:44 The Chinese Experience: Land Leases, Prices, and Enterprise Authority 30:11 Why Isn't the USSR Like China? 32:43 Chinese Reforms: Inflation, Shortages, and Protests 34:16 The Private Sector Should Not Take Resources from State-Owned Enterprises 35:31 Cooperatives, Recyclables, and the Risk of New Shortages 38:55 Law on Individual Employment 40:04 Price Liberation Threatens a Fall in Real Wages 43:38 Unpopular Reforms Need Political Support 46:14 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, Unit 4: Test Ends in Disaster 49:12 Gorbachev and Chernobyl: Why Didn't They Warn the Country? 53:45 659,000 People Under Radiation Exposure 58:20 The Soviet System is as Fragile as the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant