Efectos del tabaco en la salud

If you would like to see more scientifically accurate 3D medical images, please subscribe to our channel:    / nucleushealthvideose   MEDICAL ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Every time you smoke a cigarette, toxic gases pass into your lungs and then into your bloodstream, from where they spread to every organ in your body. A cigarette is made from tobacco leaves, which contain nicotine and a variety of other compounds. As the tobacco and compounds burn, they release thousands of dangerous chemicals, including more than 40 known to cause cancer. Cigarette smoke contains poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, as well as small amounts of cancer-causing radioactive particles. All types of tobacco are dangerous, including cigars, pipes, smokeless tobacco, chewing tobacco, and snuff. Nicotine is an addictive substance found in tobacco. After inhaling tobacco smoke, nicotine flows through the bloodstream to the brain, where it produces a pleasurable sensation. When you repeatedly expose your brain to nicotine, it becomes desensitized, which is why you crave more and more nicotine to feel normal. Smoking causes death. People who smoke tend to die at a younger age than nonsmokers. In fact, one in five deaths in the United States is linked to cigarettes. If you smoke, your risk of serious health problems increases dramatically, including heart disease, heart attack or stroke, lung cancer, and death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking causes cardiovascular disease. When nicotine flows through the adrenal glands, it stimulates the release of epinephrine, a hormone that raises blood pressure. In addition, nicotine and carbon monoxide can damage the lining of the inner walls of the arteries. Fatty deposits called plaques can form at the sites of these injuries and grow large enough to narrow the arteries and drastically reduce blood flow, leading to a condition called atherosclerosis. In coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis narrows the arteries that supply blood to the heart, reducing the oxygen supply to the heart muscle and increasing the risk of a heart attack. Smoking also increases the risk of blood clots because it causes platelets in the blood to clump together. Smoking increases the risk of peripheral vascular disease, in which atherosclerotic plaques block the large arteries in the arms and legs. Smoking can also cause abdominal aortic aneurysms, which are bulges or ruptures of the aorta in its abdominal section. Smoking damages two of the main parts of the lungs: the airways, also called bronchial tubes, and the tiny air sacs, called alveoli. With each breath, air travels down the airway called the trachea and enters the lungs through the bronchial tubes. The air then travels to thousands of tiny alveoli where oxygen from the air moves into the bloodstream. Waste carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream. Tiny hair-like projections called cilia line the bronchial tubes and sweep harmful substances out of the lungs. Cigarette smoke irritates the lining of the bronchial tubes, causing them to swell and produce mucus. Cigarette smoke also slows the movement of the cilia, causing some smoke and mucus to remain in the lungs. While you sleep, some of the cilia recover and begin pushing the pollutants and mucus out of the lungs. When you wake up, your body tries to expel this material by coughing repeatedly, a condition known as smoker's cough. Over time, chronic bronchitis develops because the cilia in your lungs stop working. Your airways become clogged with scar tissue and mucus, making breathing difficult. Your lungs are now more vulnerable to other illnesses. Cigarette smoke also damages the alveoli, making it harder for oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from your blood to exchange. Eventually, very little oxygen can reach your blood, so you may develop emphysema, a condition in which you have difficulty breathing and need to use an oxygen tube in your nose to breathe. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are collectively known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. COPD is a gradual loss of lung capacity that has no cure. ANH12071es