The Battle that SAVED Europe? - Tours / Poitiers, 732 AD

In 732 AD, the Umayyad caliphate invaded what is now France. After defeating Duke Odo the Great, the raiders moved to attack the important city of Tours. But along the way, the Umayyads were intercepted by forces under Charles Martel. This battle is often touted as the battle that saved Europe from Islamic rule, but is that really true? Watch this video to learn more. Citations 1 - Creasy, Edward, The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, (1851), pg. 149 2 - Thersites the Historian, “The History of the Franks to 768 CE,” Youtube,    • The History of the Franks to 768 CE   3 - Nicole, David, & Turner, Graham, Poitiers AD 732: Charles Martel Turns the Islamic Tide (Osprey Publishing, 2008), pg. 13 4 - Nicole, Poitiers AD 732, pg. 14 5 - Nicole, Poitiers AD 732, pg. 13 6- Nicole, Poitiers AD 732, pg. 40 7- Nicole, Poitiers AD 732, pg. 56 8- Andersen, Erich, Rise of the Berber Mercenaries, (Medieval Warfare, 2015), pg. 33, https://www.jstor.org/stable/48578475... 9- Kennedy, Hugh, The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State Warfare in History, (Francis & Taylor, 2001) pg. 10 10- Nicole, Poitiers AD 732, pg. 29 11- Andersen, Rise of the Berber Mercenaries, pg. 34 12- Raul, Alberto, The Muslim Invasion of Spain: The Battle of Guadalete, (Medieval warfare, 2011,) pg. 13-15, https://www.jstor.org/stable/48577858 13- Holmes, Robert, Men of Iron: The Carolingian Army AD 742-814, (Medieval warfare, 2015,) pg. 35-40, https://www.jstor.org/stable/48578434 14- Ibid 15- Nicole, Poitiers AD 732, pg. 16 16- Kennedy, The Armies of the Caliphs, pg. 23-6 17- Ibid 18- Nicole, Poitiers AD 732, pg. 22 19- Nicole, Poitiers AD 732, pg. 34 20- Holmes, Men of Iron, pg. 39 21- Historical education marker in Mousais le Battile, France, https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mou... 22- Serafin, Christopher, The Legacy of Charles Martel & The Battle of Tours, World History Encylcopedia, (2021), https://www.worldhistory.org/article/... I also used illustrations from some of these sources. From the Osprey publishing book, illustrated by Graham Turner Odo and Charles meeting, both on horseback The Umayyad force moving past Poitiers The culmination of the battle and death of al-Ghafiki From the Erich Anderson's article Berber soldiers, both on foot and horseback From the Robert Holmes article Franks battling in the forest Chapters: 00:00-01:16 - Intro 01:16-11:24 - Before Tours 11:24-19:04 - Prelude 19:04-24:56 - The Umayyad Forces 24:56-29:42 - The European Forces 29:42-33:37 - The Armies 33:37-35:47 - The Battlefield 35:47-43:52 - The Battle of Tours / Poitiers - 732 AD 43:52-53:36 - Impact 53:36-54:38 - Outro