Tous Savoir Sur Le Foie

In this first video of the series on liver pathology we will talk about the liver: with some notions of anatomy, physiology and pathology The liver is the largest organ in the body. It is one of the most highly vascularized organs. It contains more than 10% of the total blood volume. From a histological point of view, each liver segment is composed of millions of hepatic lobules, which represent the basic structure of the liver. Each lobule contains thousands of liver cells, called hepatocytes, around which circulate the vessels bringing blood and the bile ducts draining bile. The liver has four main essential functions. The first function is a function of production and synthesis; in fact, all the nutrients that come from digestion will arrive in the liver; they will be used to produce myriads of proteins that will then pass into the blood. The second major function is a purification function: many substances, including toxins, will arrive in the liver from the digestive tract; they will be biotransformed and will therefore produce compounds which will be eliminated either by blood then urine or by biliary then digestive The third function is a digestive function: bile which contains bile salts which ensure the digestion of lipids Then the fourth function is a storage function; it is illustrated in particular by the storage of glucose We can classify them into two major liver pathologies there is what we can call hepatitis and then tumors Hepatitis in the broad sense of the term has several causes. The first cause is hepatitis due to fat i.e. hepatic steatosis and chronic steatohepatitis. The second aggressor which can cause hepatitis is alcohol. The third aggressor: these are the viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. The fourth is represented by medications and then there are many other rarer causes such as: autoimmune hepatitis and genetic overload pathologies (Wilson's disease, hepatic copper overload or hemochromatosis, iron overload). What is important to know is that whatever the factor that creates hepatitis, the consequences in terms of liver damage will be the same. So the challenge for doctors is to arrive before cirrhosis because when cirrhosis is established, IT is generally irreversible and exposes to 2 major types of complications. Either complications of dysfunction with jaundice and PH or a risk of liver cancer. The second type of pathology is tumors, they are of 2 types; We have benign tumors which are increasingly frequently found because we do ultrasounds. Malignant tumors: primary tumors from the diseased liver itself and from cirrhosis. And then the second type of cancer is cancers that arise from an extrahepatic origin.