1.85 Национальный вопрос выходит из-под контроля Кремля (1988–1990)

"The Most Instructive Century" opens the lecture series on the "Cultural Code" channel. Historian Alexander Shubin talks about the 20th century – the most dramatic and tragic in Russian history. An exceptional experience that will be useful to all of us in the 21st century. Lecture 85. The National Question Is Spinning Out of the Kremlin's Control (1988–1990) Did National Conflicts Accelerate the Collapse of the USSR? After Sumgait, the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict escalates. In the summer of 1988, an attempt by allied forces to take control of Zvartnots Airport ends in clashes and a fatality. In the Baltics, environmental and cultural protests escalate into national movements. The Estonian Popular Front and the Lithuanian Sąjūdis emerge. The Spitak earthquake of 1988 claims approximately 25,000 lives. But the terrible tragedy in Armenia only temporarily puts the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict on hold. In April 1989, the violent dispersal of a rally in Tbilisi results in casualties. In January 1990, Armenians are attacked in Baku, and Soviet troops storm the city and open fire. On February 4, 1990, hundreds of thousands of people march on the Kremlin, demanding the repeal of Article 6 of the USSR Constitution and the deprivation of the CPSU's monopoly on power. Why are national movements shifting from support for perestroika to the struggle for independence? Why is the Kremlin responding to the crisis with force? And what is the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee doing? #singingrevolution #collapseoftheUSSR #NationalConflicts 0:00 IT company Aston presents and previews the series 0:22 After Sumgait: From the "Stone War" to Armed Forces 2:42 Armenia's cultural elite creates the "Karabakh" committee 4:00 How is the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan better than the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Armenia—and vice versa? 6:05 Volsky and Makashov: How is Moscow's power politics exacerbating the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh? 7:20 Zvartnots Airport in Yerevan blockaded 9:48 Earthquake in Armenia: Spitak, aid to victims, and arrests of members of the "Karabakh" committee 12:55 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact: How did the Baltics end up part of the USSR? 14:33 Lauristin and Savisaar: The Estonian Popular Front as a Legal Opposition 17:41 "The Singing Revolution": The Mass Concert "Eestimaa Laul" ("Song of Estonia") and the Founding Congress of the Estonian Popular Front 18:40 What Did Sovereignty Mean Without Leaving the USSR? 22:06 "Sājudis": Adomaitis, Landsbergis, Prunskiene, and the Lithuanian Mass Movement 25:19 Why Don't Russian-Speaking Residents of the Baltics Learn Local Languages? 26:27 Interfronts and Enterprise Associations: Against National Consolidation, For the Preservation of the USSR 28:08 Republican Cost Accountability: What Should Estonia Decide, and What Should Moscow Decide? 31:45 The Estonian SSR asserts the supremacy of republican laws 35:58 Georgia and Abkhazia: a clash of national interests 37:36 April 9, 1989: General Rodionov's troops disperse a rally in Tbilisi 39:14 Elections and the strengthening of popular fronts; the Ukrainian "Rukh" and the Popular Front of Moldova 42:38 Elchibey and the Popular Front of Azerbaijan: armed groups take control of individual cities and sections of the border with Iran 46:32 February 4, 1990: What did the protesters stand for at one of the largest protests in the history of the USSR 47:23 Baku, January 1990: anti-Armenian pogroms and tanks in the city 48:19 Democracy: the path to freedom or despotism?