5천년 전 인류가 처음 말을 탔을 때 벌어진 말도 안 되는 일

Human history is divided into the periods before and after the domestication of the horse. In the days before automobiles and trains, the speed permitted to humanity was a mere 5 km/h. Unexpectedly, it was the timid beasts of the grasslands that freed us from that stifling "prison of slowness." Discover the 5,500-year history of symbiosis between humans and horses, which went beyond mere transportation to become humanity's new "legs"! References • Key research related to horse domestication, the genome, and the ‘migration revolution’ ∙ Horse domestication and the DOM2 lineage: A major genomic shift around 2200 BCE ∙ Ludovic Orlando et al., “The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes,” Nature 598, 2021. ∙ N. Librado et al., “Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 BCE in Eurasia,” Nature 2024. ∙ “‘Migration Revolution’ Horse Domestication, Intensified in the Eurasian Steppes 4,200 Years Ago,” ScienceOn / Science Times article – Korean summary of the two papers above. ∙ Dong-A Ilbo, “‘Horse Domestication’ 4,200 Years Ago… Changed Human History,” Jan. 4, 2026 – Includes stories regarding the selection of genes related to horse temperament and athletic ability, such as ZFPM1 and GSDMC. *References* • • Botai Culture and Early Horse Taming ∙ “Botai culture,” Korean and English Wikipedia – Overview of period (BC 3700–3100), location (Northern Kazakhstan), concentration of horse bones, horse-glazed pottery, pit dwelling structures, etc. ∙ Brunch, “Controversy over the Timing of Horse Domestication” – Botai and Yamnaya, ∙ Eurasia Travel Site, “Kazakhstan – Home of Domestic Horses?” – Introduction to horse breeding, kumis, and harness use in Botai. • Genetics and Comprehensive Summary of Horse Domestication (Korean Papers/Reviews) ∙ Lee Sang-hyun et al., “The Origin and Domestication Process of Domesticated Horses Examined Based on Archaeological and Genetic Research Results,” 2026. ∙ National Institute of Animal Science, “‘Horses,’ the Property of Rulers” – The Domestication Process, Power, and Horses. 2. Yamnaya, the Rise of Horseback Riding, and Steppe Empires • Yamnaya and Early Horseback Riding (Skeletal Evidence) ∙ Combined Genetics and Archaeology Article: Summary of the Yamnaya culture, traces of horseback riding, and genetic stories in “‘The Mobility Revolution’: Horse Domestication…” • Horses, Empires, War, and Trade ∙ Dong-A Ilbo, “‘Horse Domestication’ 4,200 Years Ago… Changed Human History” – Comprehensive description of mobility, warfare, imperial expansion, trade networks, etc. ∙ Monthly Woori Munhwa, “Humans and Horses, 5,000 Years of Companionship” – An introduction to the impact of horses on civilization, war, trade, and agriculture. ∙ Daehak Jiseong In&Out, “The History of Horses Is the History of Humanity” – The symbiotic relationship between horses and human history. ∙ Summary of Other General Knowledge: “The Impact of Horses on Human History: A Civilizational History Shaped by Conquest and Migration,” etc. 3. Research on Medieval Warhorse Sizes and ‘Pony-Sized Knight Horses’ • Academic Research and Projects ∙ International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, paper on the analysis of bone height of medieval horses (cited by the Warhorse Project). ∙ University of Exeter, Warhorse Project blog, “The Size of a (War)Horse” – Analysis of heights of over 2,000 medieval English horse specimens, presenting an average of 13–14.2 hands (132–145 cm). 4. Cheonmachong Tomb, Cheonmado Painting, and the Symbolic World • Cheonmachong Tomb and Excavation Records ∙ Encyclopedia of Korean Culture, “Cheonmachong Tomb.” ∙ Gyeongju City Hall Webzine, “Two Stories of the Cheonmachong Excavation” – Narrative of the 1973 excavation process. ∙ The Hankyoreh, “45 Years Ago Today, Crown Ornaments Were Unearthed from Tomb No. 155, Which Became ‘Cheonmachong Tomb’.” ∙ National Archives of Korea, “Excavation of Cheonmachong” – Official excavation photos and records. • Cheonmado (Jangni) and its significance ∙ Gyeongju Culture & Tourism, “Cheonmado on Jangni of Cheonmachong, Gyeongju | National Treasure” – Photos of the artifact and commentary. ∙ Related articles: Articles on infrared photography and exhibitions of Cheonmado (Yonhap News, Yeongnam Ilbo, etc.).