PAPA PIO IX e il BIENNIO di RIFORME in ITALIA

► SUBSCRIBE HERE: https://steadyhq.com/it/lastoriasultu... The Italian economy in the 19th century can be defined in one word: backward. The situation of Italian farmers had not changed much since the 17th century, and two centuries of economic stagnation had devastated the peninsula. Poor hygiene conditions led to outbreaks of a wide variety of diseases: epidemics of tuberculosis, smallpox, typhoid, and cholera occurred cyclically. During this period, the industrial sector consisted of small-scale manufacturing dominated by textiles, steel, and mechanical engineering. What was the cause of this lack of development? First, there was no entrepreneurial class with the initiative and resources to invest in the economy. Second, Italy lacked adequate banks or credit systems; and third, the internal market was too small and provincial. Despite the relatively disastrous state of the Italian economy, the first political reforms to improve the situation were beginning to be promoted. Politically, between 1846 and 1848, a process of reform began that would lead all the states of the peninsula to adopt a constitutional monarchy. This new era of reform was initiated by the new pontiff: Pius IX, born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti, elected in 1846. Pius IX gathered liberal support, and his popularity was indirectly boosted by Austria's attempt to block his election. The new pope thus became very popular throughout the peninsula. To regain control of the situation, the Austrians entered the papal territories in August and occupied Ferrara. This intervention led Charles Albert of Savoy to offer his support to the Holy See. Mazzini himself, from London, sent a letter of support to the pope, while Garibaldi, who had made his fortune among the South American revolutionaries, offered his sword in aid. The Austrians withdrew, but the people remained unsettled: Leopold II of Tuscany and Charles Albert decided to follow the path of reform indicated by the pope. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was the only one that remained unmoved when it came to reform: Ferdinand II of Bourbon was a staunch intransigent. Between 1845 and 1847, Italy was hit by an economic crisis that exasperated the subjects of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. On January 12, 1848, a separatist insurrection broke out in Palermo, led by Rosolino Pilo and Giuseppe La Masa. Ferdinand II was unable to manage the situation and, to gain support, gave in to the liberals' demands and decided to grant the kingdom a constitution: it was January 29, 1848. On February 17, 1848, it was the Grand Duchy of Tuscany's turn to grant a constitutional charter, on March 4, the King of Sardinia granted what would become known as the "Albertine Statute," and finally, it was the Pope's turn on March 14. ► Discord Server:   / discord   ► Instagram (@lastoriasultubo):   / lastoriasul…   ► TikTok (@lastoriasultubo): https://vm.tiktok.com/ZM8tS7YR1/ ► Facebook:   / lastoriasultubo   =================================== 00:00 - The backward state of the Italian economy 02:21 - The election of Pius IX and the beginning of reforms in Italy 04:15 - Crisis in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 05:19 - Obtained Constitutional Charters and the Statute Albertino ===================================== A Specter Film Collective production www.specterfilmcollective.com STARRING: Francesco Furesi, Pietro Iacopo Benzi ARTISTIC DIRECTOR: Francesco Furesi SCREENPLAY: Pietro Iacopo Benzi, Francesco Furesi HISTORY CONTENT: Pietro Iacopo Benzi TEXT REVIEWER: Francesca Faverio PHOTOGRAPHY: Mattia Rossetti DIRECTED AUDIO: Edoardo Conti EDITING: Edoardo Conti SHORT EDITING: Martin Palacios MOTION DESIGN: Francesco Furesi, Mattia Rossetti, Lauryn Stella STOCK FOOTAGE: Pietro Iacopo Benzi COVER: Simone Acquaroli SOUND DESIGN & MIX: Andrea Romani PRODUCTION: Caterina Scalfi SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGER: Fulvio Matera