Il FALLIMENTO del 1848 in ITALIA

► SUBSCRIBE HERE: https://steadyhq.com/it/lastoriasultu... The Piedmontese's inglorious retreat westward had shocked the population of Lombardy-Venetia; they could only rely on themselves to free themselves. The Republic of San Marco continued to resist, knowing full well that it was surrounded, while in Sicily the separatist revolution continued. Messina was bombed on the orders of Ferdinand II, earning him the nickname "King Bomb." In the Papal States, the democrats made their move: on November 15, 1848, Minister Pellegrino Rossi was assassinated. Pius IX, at the people's request to convene a National Constituent Assembly, decided to leave Rome and in November took refuge in Gaeta, under the protection of Ferdinand II. On February 9, the Assembly, dominated by the democrats, declared the temporal power of the popes lapsed and announced, in a festive atmosphere, the birth of the Roman Republic. Events in Rome also affected the Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Leopold II lost control of the situation and decided to abandon Florence for Siena and then Santo Stefano. A provisional government was formed. On February 15, 1849, the Tuscan Republic was officially born, while Leopold also fled to Gaeta from Ferdinand II, joining the Pope. On March 29, 1849, another triumvirate was formed, this time in Rome: Giuseppe Mazzini, Carlo Armellini, and Aurelio Saffi led the Roman Republic. The Roman Republic called upon patriots from across the peninsula: Carlo Pisacane, a veteran of the French revolts, and Goffredo Mameli, author of the Canto degli Italiani, reached the Eternal City. Charles Albert was convinced of one thing: he must return to the fight. An experienced general, the Polish Wojciech Chrzanowski, was specially called to lead the army. The armistice of Salasco was torn up. On March 20, military operations officially began. The Piedmontese army, 100,000 strong, prepared for battle with Radetzky. Taking advantage of a dispute between Piedmontese generals over where to position themselves to stop the Austrians, they crushed Charles Albert's forces at Novara: it was a rout, the Piedmontese army was completely defeated. The King of Sardinia had no way out: on the very day of the defeat at Novara, he decided to abdicate. He left the throne to his son, Victor Emmanuel II, and then retreated to Porto, Portugal. While Brescia was heroically resisting, on March 24, 1849, Radetzky and Victor Emmanuel II met in Vignale to sign a new armistice. Meanwhile, for all the republics born during this period, their fate was sealed. On July 4, Rome ceased fighting, and Garibaldi decided to move to Venice, now the last republican stronghold in Italy. Exhausted, besieged by enemies and exhausted by cholera, the Republic of San Marco resisted until August 24, 1849, when Venice surrendered to the Austrians. The era of democratic revolutions ended with the return to the throne of Leopold II in Tuscany, Ferdinand II in Naples, and Pius IX in Rome. ► Discord Server:   / discord   ► Instagram (@lastoriasultubo):   / lastoriasul…   ► TikTok (@lastoriasultubo): https://vm.tiktok.com/ZM8tS7YR1/ ► Facebook:   / lastoriasultubo   =================================== 00:00 - The Birth of the Roman and Tuscan Republics 02:32 - The 100-Hour Campaign and its Consequences 04:11 - Armistice of Vignale 05:07 - The Fall of the Roman and Tuscan Republics Tuscany ===================================== A Specter Film Collective production www.specterfilmcollective.com STARRING: Francesco Furesi, Pietro Iacopo Benzi ARTISTIC DIRECTOR: Francesco Furesi SCREENPLAY: Pietro Iacopo Benzi, Francesco Furesi HISTORY CONTENT: Pietro Iacopo Benzi TEXT REVIEWER: Francesca Faverio PHOTOGRAPHY: Mattia Rossetti DIRECTED AUDIO: Edoardo Conti EDITING: Edoardo Conti SHORT EDITING: Martin Palacios MOTION DESIGN: Francesco Furesi, Mattia Rossetti, Lauryn Stella STOCK FOOTAGE: Pietro Iacopo Benzi COVER: Simone Acquaroli SOUND DESIGN & MIX: Andrea Romani PRODUCTION: Caterina Scalfi SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGER: Fulvio Matera