ORDEN de PRIORIDAD de los GRUPOS FUNCIONALES . Teoría y Ejemplos .QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA

In this video, we'll learn how to formulate and name organic compounds with multiple functional groups in the molecule. A functional group is the atom or group of atoms that characterizes a class of organic compounds and determines their properties. It defines the characteristic physical and chemical properties of families of organic compounds. For the nomenclature of acids, we'll follow the current IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) standards. Before discussing this topic, it's important to understand the most important functional groups in Organic Chemistry. Below is a table that includes the names of these groups, as well as their formula, their ending if it's a principal functional group, and how these groups are named if they act as substituents or secondary groups in the molecule. They have also been ordered in order of preference according to IUPAC: NAME FORMULA MAIN FUNCTIONAL GROUP SUBSTITUENT (Termination) Carboxylic acid R-COOH R oic carboxy acid R-COOR’ R-oate R´...yl oxycarbonyl ester Amide R-CONH2 R-carbamoyl-amide Nitrile R-C≡N R-cyanonitrile- Aldehyde R-CHO R al formyl-/oxo Ketone R-CO-R’ R-one oxo- Alcohol R-OH R ol hydroxy Amine R-NH2 R amine amino Ether R-O-R’ R-oxy- R´ / R R´ oxy- ether Double bond R=R’ R ene ...enyl Triple bond R≡R' R yne ...ynyl RULES FOR NAMING THIS TYPE OF COMPOUND: When a compound has only one functional group, the principal chain is the one containing that function, and it is numbered so that the carbon involved in the corresponding principal functional group is in the lowest position in that chain. The compound will end in the corresponding suffix according to the table. For example, if the compound has only one principal functional group and it is an -OH group, the compound will be an alcohol and its name will end in -OL. When a compound has more than one functional group, the principal chain is the one containing the preferred function; the other functions will no longer be principal and become secondary, so they will be named as substituents. For example, if a compound has two functional groups, one is -CHO and the other is an -OH group, since the -CHO group is higher than the -OH group in the table, the compound will not be an alcohol, but an aldehyde, and the compound will be named with an -AL ending. You can also follow us on Facebook:   / auladesi   Instagram:   / auladesi   Thumbnails created by: [email protected] See you soon, cheers!