ALDEHÍDOS - ejercicios prácticos - QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA

In this video, you will learn what aldehydes are, how to formulate them, and how to name them. Aldehydes, in terms of their formulation and nomenclature, can be considered compounds derived from hydrocarbons, formed by the substitution of two hydrogen atoms bonded to a terminal carbon with an oxygen atom. In this video, you will do exercises on aldehydes with a single -CHO group and with multiple -CHO groups. You will also see what happens when the -CHO group is attached to a cyclic compound. A functional group is the atom or group of atoms that characterizes a class of organic compounds and determines its properties. It defines the characteristic physical and chemical properties of families of organic compounds. In the case of aldehydes, the main functional group is the -CHO group. For the nomenclature of aldehydes, we will follow the current IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) rules. The IUPAC is the world authority on the nomenclature and terminology of chemical compounds. In general, aldehydes are named by first listing the substituents attached to the carbons of the main chain, followed by the name of the parent hydrocarbon ending in -al. If there are one or two aldehyde groups in the chain, their positions are not indicated, as they will always be terminal. • Nomenclature of aldehydes (The -CHO group is the principal functional group) The main chain is selected, being the longest chain containing the carbon involved in the -CHO group. Next, this chain is numbered starting from the carbon involved in the group. These compounds are named by first listing the substituents attached to the carbons of the main chain, followed by the name of the parent hydrocarbon ending in -al. If there are other, less important functional groups (when naming the compound), these groups are named as substituents, including double and triple bonds, and their position on the main chain is indicated. Remember that if the compound has one carbon atom, it is called methanal; if it has two carbon atoms, it is ethanal; with three carbon atoms, it is propanal, and so on. If there are two -CHO groups, the main chain will be the longest chain containing the carbons involved in that group. The substituents attached to the carbons of the main chain are named first, followed by the name of the parent hydrocarbon from which this main chain is derived, adding the prefix "-DI-" and then the suffix "-AL". • Nomenclature of the compound when the -CHO group is attached to a ring: In this case, the -CHO group is named independently as CARBALDEHYDE (it is not part of the main chain), and the name of the hydrocarbon from which the radical (main chain) to which the carbon of the -CHO group is attached is written before this name. For example: Cyclohexane carbaldehyde. If the phenyl radical is attached to the -CHO group, the compound will be called BENZALDEHYDE. As always, the carbon atoms of the ring are numbered, assigning position number 1 to the carbon of the ring attached to the carbon of the -CHO group, and such that the substituents are in the lowest possible positions. • Nomenclature of the -CHO group when it is not the principal functional group (see previous video on aldehydes): The main chain is selected, being the longest one that contains the carbon involved in the principal functional group. Now the –CHO group will no longer be the main functional group, but will instead become a simple substituent. In this case, the compound will NOT end in –AL, but will be named as a substituent, with the word FORMYL-, indicating, if applicable, its position on the main chain. However, there are cases in which this group is named as OXO, when the carbonyl group belongs to the main chain. The word FORMYL includes the carbon of the carbonyl group, while OXO does not. In both cases, its position on the main chain must be indicated. You can also follow us on: Facebook:   / auladesi   Instagram:   / auladesi   Thumbnails created by: [email protected] See you very soon, keep it up!