Ep3. 世界第二大元青花館藏：伊朗國家博物館｜NMI (Iran) : The Second Largest Collection of Yuan Porcelain in the World

元瓷尋蹤 ｜主持人：水木清華 Ep3. 世界第二大元青花館藏：伊朗國家博物館｜National Museum of Iran: the world’s second largest collection of Yuan blue-and-white porcelain 元朝，西元1271～1368年，是由蒙古人統制，橫跨歐亞的龐大帝國，距今已700多年，因擁有多様民族，多元文化，多種工藝，多方資源的結合，而有能力和條件創造了質多量精的元代瓷器。瓷器本就是大宗商品，又因廣大、不同市場的需求，除了造就青花瓷的大流行，且一併開發出很多種的瓷器。元代瓷器雖在當時集其精美和豪奢於一身，但在明太祖 朱元璋於1368年將蒙古人趕回漠北，建立明朝之後，很不幸地一併於歷史上消失。 因緣際會，興趣使然，我在元代瓷器的探索已逾30年，我將試著在此《元瓷尋蹤》的視頻，介紹我和同好們收藏到的精美的元代瓷器，給大家欣賞！ 伊朗是古代的波斯地方，元朝時期是元朝的從屬國伊兒汗國，元太祖成吉思汗鐵木真的四子托雷有四個兒子分別是蒙哥、忽必烈、旭烈兀和阿里不哥。西元1258年滅阿拔斯王朝。並將巴格達和大馬士革兩大回教中心摧毀，其宗教為佛教、藏傳佛教和基督教，至西元1296年合贊王時才慢慢的改信回教。䝉族、藏族，回族三大民族皆有崇藍尚白的喜好，元代青花瓷器上的藍色其呈色劑為產自伊朗（當時之伊兒汗國）的蘇來麻尼鈷礦石已大致被確認。景德鎮浮梁瓷局的製陶瓷工藝加上西方的工藝人才技術合作，技藝交流、文化藝術和審美觀的融合，海陸運暢通、工商發達、貿易興盛，對於優良青花瓷商品的喜好和需求為元青花的發展到成熟，提供了絶佳的條件。加上西元1293年元朝於中央設立將作院，可以説就是各類工具和商品的開發研究設計製造中心，當時對於優良青花瓷器商品的追求等等因素，皆為元青花的發展和成熟提供了最好的條件，而留存在伊朗國家博物館的28件元青花，即是以上論述之最佳明證。 In search of the Yuan Dynasty Porcelain - the missing link 14th Century Chinese Porcelain Ep3. National Museum of Iran: the world’s second largest collection of Yuan blue-and-white porcelain. Host: Benson LIN On the Yuan blue-and-white collection in the National Museum of Iran and Yuan blue-and-white bowl with ruyi, flowers and phoenix patterns The Yuan Dynasty was a very big empire ruled by the Mongals from 1271 to 1368 AD, which is about 700 years ago. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were many different tribes and cultures where unique techniques and resources came together to create a high volume of Chinese porcelain. Because porcelain was a huge market, the number of pieces were overwhelming and were not limited to just the blue and white pattern. As beautiful and magnificent as these porcelains were back in the days, they unfortunately disappeared after the Ming Dynasty overthrew the Yuan Dynasty in 1368. I have been searching for the Yuan Dynasty Porcelain for more than 30 years. In this video, I will show you the most beautiful and unique pieces from mine and my friend’s collection. Iran is Persia in the ancient times, and was the site of the Ilkhanate, a subordinate empire of Yuan Dynasty. Tolui is the 4th son of Genghis Khan, Temüjin, Emperor Taizu of Yuan. Toluihas four sons: Möngke, Kublai, Hulagu and Ariq Böke. The Mongols, the Tibetans and the Muslims have all loved blue and white colors. It is more or less confirmed that the blue color pigment on the Yuan blue-and-white porcelain is the cobalt mineral from Soleimani in Iran (the Ilkhanate at the time). Porcelain production in Jingdezhen’s Fuliang Porcelain Bureau and collaboration with craft talents in the west, plus the fusion of art, culture and aesthetics, smooth sea/land transportation, thriving commerce and trades, have all contributed nicely to the favor and demand of excellent blue-and-white ceramics, hence the development and maturity of Yuan blue-and-white porcelain. Porcelain production in Jingdezhen’s Fuliang Porcelain Bureau and collaboration with craft talents in the west, plus the fusion of art, culture and aesthetics, smooth sea/land transportation, thriving commerce and trades, have all contributed nicely to the favor and demand of excellent blue-and-white ceramics, hence the development and maturity of Yuan blue-and-white porcelain. As a plus, in 1293, Yuan Dynasty established the House of Arts and Crafts in the imperial court which could be seen as the R&D and manufacturing center of all kinds of tools and products, combined with the pursuit for premium blue-and-white ceramics at the time, are all greatest contributing factors for the development and maturity of Yuan blue-and-white porcelain. The 28 pieces of Yuan blue-and-white porcelains remaining in the National Museum of Iran best testify to the above discourse. ✉ Info: [email protected] 本篇賞析：【西亞型 元青花】元青花鳳凰如意花卉紋大碗 Western Asian Type of Yuan Dynasty Blue and White Porcelain. Yuan blue-and-white bowl with ruyi, flowers and phoenix patterns Appreciation of Yuan Octagonal Gourd-Shaped Vase glazed in red sauce color with gelled white flower patterns and four additional painted frames amid patterns of flowers, fruits, insects and herbs. ✉ Info: [email protected]