Интернет из страха? Как война создала нашу сеть #интернет #история #технологии #холоднаявойна

The internet seems like an ordinary thing: a phone, a browser, YouTube, messages, maps, work, money, news. But its history didn't begin with entertainment or social media. It began with fear. In this episode, we explore how the launch of the Soviet Union's Sputnik in 1957, the Cold War, US military research, the ideas of Joseph Licklider, Paul Baran, ARPA, and ARPANET gradually led to the emergence of a network without which it's impossible to imagine our lives today. Why were Americans afraid of Sputnik? How did ARPA—the future DARPA—emerge? Why did Paul Baran invent a distributed network? Why was ARPANET's first message just two letters long—"LO"? How did email become the first real hit on the internet? Why didn't Tim Berners-Lee patent the World Wide Web? How did Netscape, the dot-com bubble, Google, Amazon, and Facebook transform the internet from a scientific tool into the world we live in every day? This is the story of a technology born out of fear of war but becoming the defining force of modern civilization. The internet has transformed work, politics, business, culture, communication, surveillance, and the very human concept of self. Sources and materials used in preparing this episode: — NASA — materials on the launch of Sputnik 1 and the beginning of the space age — DARPA — the history of ARPA's creation after Sputnik — RAND Corporation — materials on Paul Baran and distributed communications — Internet Society — A Brief History of the Internet — CERN — the birth of the World Wide Web and the work of Tim Berners-Lee — UCLA — the history of the first ARPANET "LO" message — US Federal Trade Commission — materials on the Cambridge Analytica case — Tim Berners-Lee / Web Foundation — open letters about the future of the internet — Walter Isaacson — The Innovators — Katie Hafner, Matthew Lyon — Where Wizards Stay Up Late — Sharon Weinberger — The Imagineers of War — Shoshana Zuboff — The Age of Surveillance Capitalism If you found this episode helpful, please subscribe to the channel. It really helps us continue producing such documentaries about technology, war, and the world after it. Tell us in the comments: Did you know that the internet grew out of military research and fears of the nuclear age?