GIT physiology Integration With Pharmacology : Incritin analogues, Motilin, Ghrelin : USMLE Step 1

📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:-   / drgbhanuprakash   📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash GIT physiology Integration With Pharmacology : Incritin analogues, Motilin, Ghrelin : USMLE Step 1 Incretin Analogues: Incretins are hormones released by the gastrointestinal tract in response to nutrient ingestion. They stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and inhibit glucagon secretion, leading to a reduction in blood glucose levels. The two main incretin hormones are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Incretin analogues are synthetic compounds that mimic the effects of these hormones and are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Pharmacology: Incretin analogues such as exenatide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide are administered subcutaneously and have a longer half-life than endogenous GLP-1. They stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, reduce glucagon secretion, slow gastric emptying, and reduce appetite. They also have potential cardiovascular benefits such as reducing blood pressure and improving lipid profiles. Motilin: Motilin is a hormone produced by enterochromaffin cells in the small intestine. It stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to peristalsis and the movement of food through the digestive system. Pharmacology: Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that also has motilin receptor agonist activity. It is used in the treatment of gastroparesis, a condition in which the stomach is unable to empty its contents properly. Erythromycin stimulates gastric motility and increases the rate of gastric emptying. Ghrelin: Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the stomach and the small intestine. It stimulates appetite and promotes the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. Pharmacology: Ghrelin receptor agonists such as anamorelin and relamorelin are being developed for the treatment of cachexia, a condition characterized by muscle wasting and loss of appetite. These drugs increase appetite and food intake, leading to weight gain and improved muscle mass. They may also have potential in the treatment of other conditions such as anorexia nervosa and cancer-related cachexia. Integration of GIT physiology and Pharmacology: The gastrointestinal tract plays a critical role in the absorption and metabolism of drugs. Understanding the physiology of the GIT is essential for the development of drugs that target specific receptors and pathways. In the case of incretin analogues, the drugs mimic the effects of endogenous hormones to regulate glucose homeostasis. Motilin receptor agonists like erythromycin are used to stimulate gastric motility in conditions such as gastroparesis. Ghrelin receptor agonists like anamorelin and relamorelin are being developed to stimulate appetite and promote weight gain in cachexia. Overall, the integration of GIT physiology and pharmacology is important for the development of effective and safe drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders. #physiology #physiologylectures #physiologyvideos #usmlephysiology #neetpgphysiology #fmgephysiology #mbbsphysiology #fmge #fmgevideos #rapidrevisionfmge #fmgejan2023 #mbbslectures #nationalexitexam #nationalexittest #neetpg #usmlepreparation #usmlestep1 #fmge #usmle #drgbhanuprakash #medicalstudents #medicalstudent #medicalcollege #neetpg2023 #usmleprep- #incritins #motilin #ghrelin