Grammar 2 S2 English studies BA Degree (Colleges and Universities) ONLINE LEARNING/ COURSES

Grammar 2 S2 English studies BA Degree (Morocco's universities) Colleges and Universities 1 a/an (the indefinite article) The form a is used before a word beginning with a consonant, or a vowel with a consonant sound: a man a hat a university a European / a one-way street The form an is used before words beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or words beginning with a mute h: an apple an island an uncle / an egg an onion an hour or individual letters spoken with a vowel sound: an L-plate an MP an SOS an ‘x’ a/an is the same for all genders: a man/ a woman/ an actor / an actress a table Use of a/an a/an is used: A. Before a singular noun which is countable (i.e. of which there is more than one) when it is mentioned for the first time and represents no particular person or thing: I need a visa. They live in a flat. He bought an ice-cream. B. Before a singular countable noun which is used as an example of a class of things: A car must be insured Omission of a/an a/an is omitted; A. Before plural nouns. a/an has no plural form. So the plural of a dog is dogs, and of an egg is eggs. a/an and one A. a/an and one (adjective) 1 When counting or measuring time, distance, weight etc. we can use either a/an or one for the singular: £1 = a/one pound £1,000,000 = a/one million pounds But note that in The rent is £100 a week the a before week is not replaceable by one. the (the definite article) A. Form the is the same for singular and plural and for all genders: the boy the girl the day the boys the girls the days B Use / The definite article is used: 1. When the object or group of objects is unique or considered to be unique: the earth the sea the sky the equator the stars Omission of the / The definite article is not used: 1. Before names of places, or before names of people. 2. Before abstract nouns except when they are used in a particular sense; Men fear death but The death a/the Prime Minister left his party without a leader. 3. After a noun in the possessive case, or a possessive adjective: the boy's uncle = the uncle of the boy It is my (blue) book = The (blue) book is mine. 4. Before names of meals: The Scots have porridge/or breakfast but The wedding breakfast was held in her/other's house. 5. Before names of games: He plays golf. 6. Before parts of the body and articles of clothing, as these normally prefer a possessive adjective: Raise your right hand. 2 Omission of the before home, before church, hospital, prison, school etc. and before work, sea and town / bed, church, court, hospital, prison, school/college/university the is not used before the nouns listed above when these places are visited or used for their primary purpose. We go: to bed to sleep or as invalids to hospital as patients to church to pray