История Таганрога. Часть 2. Минутная столица Империи. Пушечное ядро в стене, дом Чайковского и др.

#tour #taganrog #history #sights #southrussia #travel Svetlana Anatolyevna's phone numbers for booking tours: +7950854-03-07 and +7908196-85-58 Taganrog got its name from Cape Tagany Rog, on which it is located. The hypothesis that a very early ancient Greek settlement lies somewhere directly beneath Taganrog arose in the 1930s. A storm drain was being built in the city, and shards of ancient Greek pottery fell from excavator buckets during the work. Based on the ceramic layer, archaeologists determined that a settlement on the site of present-day Taganrog arose as early as the 9th-8th centuries BC. In the 7th-6th centuries BC (about a hundred years), an ancient Greek settlement, probably Ionian, existed here. It disappeared, presumably as a result of Scythian raids. Today, the settlement has been completely engulfed and destroyed by the sea. In 1696, after the capture of the Turkish fortress of Azov by Russian troops, Peter the Great ordered surveys and construction of a harbor and fortress on Cape Tagany Rog. The harbor was built in the open sea. Its width was 370 meters, with breakwaters and bastions protecting it from waves and potential enemy attacks. The entrance to the harbor was defended by Fort "Turtle," built on a man-made island. Taganrog is the first city in Russian history built according to a pre-developed master plan. Taganrog Harbor is the first in the world built not in a natural bay, but on the open sea. Catherine the Great mentioned in her letters that Peter the Great had long considered the possibility of moving the Russian capital to Taganrog. Peter the Great was forced to abandon his plans to move the capital to Taganrog after the Treaty of the Pruth of 1711, which stipulated Taganrog's destruction. Only after the victorious Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 did Russia finally regain control of the land. The Trinity Fortress was quickly rebuilt on the old foundations, and the harbor became the base for the newly established Azov Flotilla. In 1802, Taganrog became the center of the Taganrog District, with police and merchant navigation services for Rostov-on-Don, Nakhichevan, and Mariupol under its control. In 1805, the Taganrog Customs District was established, incorporating the Berdyansk and Kerch customs houses, the Mariupol and Rostov outposts, and the coast guard. During the Crimean War of 1853-1856. The defense of Taganrog was led by General Krasnov, then the field ataman of the Don Army. In May 1855, an Anglo-French squadron entered the Sea of ​​Azov, attempting to deprive the Russian army of its rear bases in Crimea. The squadron bombarded Taganrog and attempted to land troops. By that time, Taganrog was not a fortress and lacked a single gun, but the Taganrog garrison half-battalion repelled the enemy landing. On January 17, 1918, street fighting broke out in Taganrog between workers' detachments and the Civil Guard, resulting in the deaths of over 200 people, including members of the 3rd Kiev School of Ensigns. The City Duma attempted to stop the fighting, but to no avail. During the civil war of 1917-1919, the Ukrainian People's Republic laid claim to the city. On May 1, 1918, German troops—the 20th Landwehr Division—entered Taganrog, defeating the city militia near the station of Marzevo. City authority was placed under the control of German Commandant von Gültlingen. The German troops left Taganrog in December 1918 and were replaced by the VVD and the Volunteer Army. On December 30, the retreating White Guards abandoned the city without a fight. The City Duma assumed power in the city and, forming an armed detachment of volunteers, stopped the pogroms and violence that had begun in the city. On January 6, 1920, during the Rostov-Novocherkassk Offensive, Red Army units entered the city, and Soviet power was established in Taganrog. In 1923, running water first began to function in Taganrog. Initially, it was provided at street water points, but later, water was also piped into homes. In 1932, rails were laid along the city streets, and trams began operating. In August 1941, a people's militia was formed in Taganrog, and residents were sent to dig trenches and anti-tank ditches. Meanwhile, due to the poorly organized evacuation and the enemy's seizure of the railway to Rostov-on-Don, much equipment was left behind at the factories, which later fell into the hands of the Wehrmacht. During the city's occupation, the Taganrog orphanage was converted by the German authorities into a blood donation center, where children were used for blood transfusions for German officers. On October 29, 1941, the extermination of Jews took place. They were shot within the first two days (at least 2,000-3,000 on the very first day). In the following days, those who failed to appear were rounded up and exterminated there. On August 18, 1943, the final offensive to break through the Mius Front began. Half-surrounded, German troops left Taganrog without a fight. The occupation lasted 680 ...