Capítulo 22: La Biblioteca de Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente. La migración nocturna de las aves

Félix explains the orientation mechanisms that some birds use during their migrations in complete darkness. Building on the work of Gustav Kramer in the mid-20th century, which aimed to unravel the orientation mechanisms of migratory birds (establishing the experimental basis for the solar compass and diurnal migration), E. G. Franz Sauer extended the approach to nocturnal migration using artificial planetariums, demonstrating that they use the starry sky as a nighttime compass. Furthermore, by varying artificial sky patterns, Sauer demonstrated consistent changes in direction according to the constellations displayed, reinforcing the idea of ​​innate celestial orientation mechanisms in nocturnal migratory birds.