Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

In this video, we provide an in-depth look at Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding (LGIB), defined as blood loss originating distal to the ligament of Treitz. While many cases involve the small bowel, this overview focuses on bleeding from the colon, exploring the most frequent etiologies including diverticulosis, angiodysplasia, and various forms of colitis. What you will learn: Defining LGIB: The difference between hematochezia (bright red blood) and melena (dark, tarry stools). The Four Major Categories of Causes: Anatomic (diverticulosis), Vascular (angiodysplasia, ischemia), Inflammatory (IBD, infectious), and Neoplastic (polyps, carcinoma). Deep Dives into Common Sources: Why diverticulosis remains the leading cause of LGIB in Western countries and the role of factors like age and NSAID use. Colitis and Ischemia: Understanding how inflammation and reduced blood flow lead to self-limited but serious bleeding episodes. When to Worry: Identifying the presentation of colorectal cancer and hemorrhoids. Whether you are a healthcare student or someone looking to understand these symptoms better, this guide breaks down the complex landscape of colonic bleeding.