ECHO SERIES. AORTIC REGURGITATION TTE.

A complete walkthrough of aortic regurgitation (AR) on transthoracic echocardiography — built for cardiology fellows and anyone prepping for boards or attending rounds. We cover why AR matters clinically, the dramatic hemodynamic differences between acute and chronic AR, etiology and mechanism (Carpentier classification), and a full breakdown of severity grading — from quick qualitative screening tools to the trickiest quantitative methods (PISA/EROA, volumetric stroke volume comparison) and supportive signs like holodiastolic flow reversal. Whether you're learning to read your first AR jet or trying to tighten up your grading algorithm before a tough attending grills you, this lecture integrates 2D imaging, color Doppler, spectral Doppler, and clinical context into one cohesive framework. References drawn from ACC/AHA and ESC/EACTS valvular heart disease guidelines, JACC state-of-the-art reviews, and Hanna's Practical Cardiovascular Medicine. Timestamps: 01:00 – Introduction: Why AR Matters 03:20 – Hemodynamics: Acute vs. Chronic AR 05:00 – Auscultation, Physical Exam & POCUS First 06:25 – Echo Views: Don't Skip the Suprasternal Notch 06:50 – Image Optimization Before Measurements 09:25 – Etiology & Mechanism: Primary vs. Secondary AR and The Carpentier Classification 10:25 – Overview of AR Severity Grading 11:25 – Qualitative Assessment: Jet Width & Vena Contracta 13:10 – Spectral Doppler: PHT & LVOT Diastolic Flow 15:20 – Supportive Signs: Holodiastolic Flow Reversal & LV Dilation 18:45 – Quantitative Methods: PISA/EROA in AR and The Volumetric Method 24:10 – Case Integration: Color, 2D & M-Mode Together 25:20 -- Staging and Prognosis Hashtags: #AorticRegurgitation #Echocardiography #CardiologyEducation #POCUS #ValvularHeartDisease #MedEd #CardiologyFellow #TTE #EchoBasics #CardiacImaging #ACCAHAGuidelines #FOAMed #CardiologyBoardReview #HeartValveDisease #ASE