挂在悬崖上的寺庙，这是怎么建造起来的？丝绸之路，千年古寺马蹄寺探秘之旅｜4K

🗺️Google Maps: https://maps.app.goo.gl/3kATrZ2HiaFa5... 00:00 Intro 2:37 Thousand Buddha Caves 15:13 Thirty-three Heavenly Caves 32:35 Tibetan Buddha Hall Ma Ti Temple, also known as Pu Guang Temple, is a tourist area that integrates grotto art, Qilian Mountain scenery and ethnic customs. The following is a detailed introduction about it: Historical Origin • Ma Ti Temple was first built in the Northern Liang during the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Guo Yu, a Jin man, opened a cave to live in seclusion and teach, and his disciples chiseled and repaired the grottoes. It has gone through the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, and it has been more than 1,600 years. • Historically, Ma Ti Temple was a Han Buddhist temple during the Northern Liang period, and later gradually became a Tibetan Buddhist temple. Building scale and layout • Grottoes: The overall building scale of the Ma Ti Temple Grottoes is grand, including seven grottoes and temples, including the Golden Pagoda Temple, the Upper, Middle and Lower Guanyin Caves, the Thousand Buddha Caves, the North and South Temples, with a total of more than 70 caves. • North Temple: It is called "Puguan Temple", located on the red sandstone cliffs facing west and east in the middle of Ma Ti Mountain. There was originally a Ma Ti Temple on the flat ground in front of the cave, with buildings such as the Three Buddha Hall, and several courtyards in the valley below the slope for monks and pilgrims to live in. There are more than 30 caves and niches in the cave temple, mainly the Thirty-three Heavenly Caves, the Tibetan Buddha Hall, the Horse King Hall and the Medicine King Hall, the Sitting Buddha Cave, etc. • South Temple: It is called "Shengguo Temple", located in the south of the North Temple ridge. There was originally a large scripture hall with golden roofs and green tiles, and it was large in scale. The temple originally preserved a complete collection of the Qing Dynasty Tripitaka and the dragon robe and saddle bestowed by the Qing Dynasty emperor. • Thousand Buddha Caves: Located about 7 li northeast of Ma Ti Temple, the caves are carved on the steep cliffs on the west bank of Ma Ti River. Today, the caves are naturally divided into three sections: south, middle and north according to the cliff situation. The south and middle sections are mainly Buddha caves, and the north section is a relief pagoda forest. Main attractions • Thirty-three Heavens Cave: Excavated in the Yuan Dynasty, 42 meters above the ground, with five layers from bottom to top, totaling 21 caves, the structure is small at the top and large at the bottom, like a pagoda. The caves are divided into square-shaped herringbone-shaped sloped caves and bucket-shaped four-sided sloped caves. Each cave has a semicircular niche on the main wall, which originally sculpted a Buddha statue sitting in a lotus position, and the four walls are shadow sculptures of thousands of Buddhas or murals from the Yuan Dynasty. • Tibetan Buddha Hall: Commonly known as the "Standing Buddha Hall", the cave is a large flat-topped cave with a rectangular plane, 33.5 meters deep, 26.3 meters wide and about 15 meters high. It is the largest cave in the Ma Ti Temple Grottoes. There are three parts in the cave: the front hall, the worship hall, and the corridor. A standing Buddha is sculpted in the middle of the front hall, which is about 9 meters high. • Horse King Hall: Also known as the "Horseshoe Hall", it is named after a lifelike horse hoof print on the stone slab in the cave. There are round arched niches carved on the south, north and west walls of the cave. There were originally statues in the niches, but now only the remnants of the strong men and donors repainted in the door and on both sides of the central column in the Ming Dynasty remain. • Medicine King Hall: Also known as the "South Sitting Buddha Hall", it was carved in the Yuan Dynasty. A large niche is opened in the middle of the inner wall, with a sitting Buddha statue of Medicine Master Tathagata on it. The stone body and clay sculpture are solemn, and large-scale paintings of the Thousand Buddhas of the Kalpa of Virtue are painted on the left and right walls. Cultural Value • Religious Value: Horseshoe Temple is a famous Buddhist resort in the Hexi Corridor. Historically, there were many monks and incense was prosperous, which played an important role in the spread and localization of Chinese Buddhism. • Artistic value: The caves contain a large number of Buddha statues, murals, shadow sculptures and other works of art, which are a blend of artistic features from different historical periods and have high artistic value. • Historical value: Mati Temple has witnessed the historical changes and ethnic integration in the Hexi region, and provides important physical materials for the study of ancient Chinese history, culture, religion and other aspects.