Світло за копійки і кінець відключень. Що дасть людям штучне Сонце на Землі

Humanity has learned to reproduce the reaction that powers the Sun. Fusion promises virtually endless energy from water — the synthesis of one gram of fuel yields as much as burning ten tons of diesel. The deuterium reserves in the world’s oceans will last for billions of years. This sounds like salvation from oil dependence forever. But there is a downside. Fusion was originally a military program — the first reaction occurred not in a laboratory, but during a hydrogen bomb test. The same reactor that produces clean energy is theoretically capable of producing plutonium for dozens of warheads per year. And tritium — the fuel for fusion — is not subject to IAEA control. In December 2022, scientists received more energy than they spent for the first time. And now the race for the “Sun on Earth” is being led not only by states, but also by private companies with billions of dollars in investments — Google and Microsoft are already buying energy from reactors that do not yet exist. 🔻 In this issue about fusion and the new energy race: — why fusion is literally the Sun recreated on Earth — how much does infinite energy really cost and will there be enough fuel — why the international ITER project for 22 billion dollars is failing — how private companies are overtaking states and promising reactors in a few years — why the same reactor can become a source of nuclear weapons — who will receive fusion energy first — and how it will change the world economy 🔻 See also: 👉 Redrawing the borders of the world:    • Як виглядатиме світ після війни. Шість сце...   👉 Iran closed Hormuz:    • Чому весь світ залежить від однієї протоки...   👉 Space energy:    • Хто першим підкорить космічну енергію - то...   👉 Ukrainian resources: lithium, titanium, graphite:    • Чому Україна досі бідна? Як наші $12 триль...   👉 Cancer is no longer a sentence:    • Рак більше не вирок, просто потрібно зміни...   0:00 Why did humanity create the Sun on Earth 0:22 Why do stars shine: the solution to thermonuclear fusion 2:18 Three conditions for fusion and why they are so difficult to achieve 3:48 The fuel of the future: deuterium, tritium and helium-3 6:19 From the hydrogen bomb to the first tokamaks 7:48 A decade of failures and a breakthrough in 2022 10:03 The race is on: why ITER is failing for 22 billion 13:41 The private sector: four companies, four paths 16:54 Who will win: states or business 17:24 The hidden truth: fusion as a military program 20:25 Geopolitics: who will gain energy independence