2. ECG Axis Interpretation - ECG assessment and ECG interpretation made easy

📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:-   / drgbhanuprakash   📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash Cardiac axis represents the sum of depolarisation vectors generated by individual cardiac myocytes. Clinically is is reflected by the ventricular axis, and interpretation relies on determining the relationship between the QRS axis and limb leads of the ECG (below diagram) Since the left ventricle makes up most of the heart muscle under normal circumstances, normal cardiac axis is directed downward and slightly to the left: Normal Axis = QRS axis between -30° and +90°. Abnormal axis deviation, indicating underlying pathology, is demonstrated by: Left Axis Deviation = QRS axis less than -30°. Right Axis Deviation = QRS axis greater than +90°. Extreme Axis Deviation = QRS axis between -90° and 180° (AKA “Northwest Axis”). Methods of ECG Axis Interpretation There are several complementary approaches to estimating QRS axis, which are summarized below: The Quadrant Method – (Lead I and aVF) Three Lead analysis – (Lead I, Lead II and aVF) Isoelectric Lead analysis Super SAM the Axis Man Key Principles If the QRS is POSITIVE in any given lead, the axis points in roughly the same direction as this lead. If the QRS is NEGATIVE in any given lead, the axis points in roughly the opposite direction to this lead. If the QRS is ISOELECTRIC (equiphasic) in any given lead (positive deflection = negative deflection), the axis is at 90° to this lead. Step 1: Find the isoelectric lead. The isoelectric (equiphasic) lead is the frontal lead with zero net amplitude. This can be either: A biphasic QRS where R wave height = Q or S wave depth. A flat-line QRS with no discernible features. Step 2: Find the positive leads. Look for the leads with the tallest R waves (or largest R/S ratios) Step 3: Calculate the QRS axis. The QRS axis is at 90° to the isoelectric lead, pointing in the direction of the positive leads. This concept can be difficult to understand at first, and is best illustrated by some examples. #ecgaxis #ecginterpretation #ecgcourse #ecgvideos #ecgonline #ecgassesment #ecgmadeeasy