Почему пушки 17 века круче пушек 19 века ?

Support me: 2200701749288293 T-Bank Evgeniy V. In the payment details, write "gift" or "donation." or: https://www.donationalerts.com/r/razg... or: https://yoomoney.ru/fundraise/1577ARF... *** Book of stories about the Russian Championship on my website: https://razgadki-istorii.ru/products/... If you can't watch it on YouTube: https://boosty.to/razgadki/posts/887b... Rifled weapons of the 16th-17th centuries, article in the magazine "Technology of Youth" http://olivaria.ru/gun/gun_histor2.htm Today we'll talk about the guns of a healthy person. Or that before the Flood, cannons were steel, breech-loading, and had rifled barrels. All of these cannons are on display at the Museum of Artillery and Engineering Troops in St. Petersburg. According to official history, the first cannons were called "Tufyak" (mattresses); they were made of steel and manufactured as early as the 14th century. In the mid-19th century, an ancient cannon dating back to the 15th century was found on the Don River. Its barrel was steel. An oak log served as a carriage. Most interestingly, this cannon was loaded not from the muzzle, but from the breech, like modern cannons. The breech contained a wedge device that locked the barrel bore. Two such cannons are on display at the Museum. Here's something to consider: what this cannon fired and how. Let's speculate. Breech-loading is generally necessary to increase the rate of fire, as ramming a cannonball through the muzzle takes a very long time. Therefore, we'll assume it wasn't loaded through the muzzle. It's certainly possible to ram a cannonball through the breech, but you need to figure out how to secure it in the bore so it stops exactly where you want it to. The easiest way is to wrap the cannonball in a cloth; a more complex method is to take a wad, then the cannonball, then another wad, take a pin with a stop, place the cannonball in the breech, and ram it in. Then you need to somehow insert the powder. A scoop won't work through the breech, as it's simply inconvenient and the powder will spill back out. You need some kind of cartridge case, at least a powder pouch. This is placed in front of the cannonball, the breech is closed with a wedge, the pouch is pierced, powder is poured into the touchdown hole, ignited, and the shot is fired. Let's discuss whether the rate of fire of a cannon with this design would increase compared to a muzzle-loader. I don't think it would increase much, as there are difficulties loading the cannonball. The cannon's muzzle is usually elevated, while cannons of this caliber are usually at chest level. In this position, loading requires sitting on the ground or bending over. The cannonball and powder charge can simply fall out due to rocking, confusion, or inexperienced crews. Both the cannonball and powder pouch need to be secured in the barrel somehow to prevent them from falling out. A projectile prototype, even a cardboard tube, can increase the rate of fire. Whether such a tube existed at the time, was used, and what it looked like is debatable. Incidentally, similar breech-loading cannons, where the barrel bore was locked with a wedge device, were later made of bronze. This is what they looked like; a few examples can be found in museums. Around 30 guns dating back to the 15th century were found in the area of ​​Ustyuzhna in Zheleznopol, one of the most important metallurgy centers of Scythia-Rus-Hyperborea in the 15th-16th-17th centuries. They are displayed here. All are made of steel and have sighting devices. Dated to the 15th century, that is, 1400–1500, the period before Ivan the Terrible. In 1615, steel breech-loading cannons with rifled barrels were developed and manufactured. Breech loading was achieved with a screw-in wingguard. The museum exhibits two such complete cannons. There is also another steel cannon without rifling; the wingguard is missing. To load the cannon, it was necessary to unscrew the wingguard, insert the projectile, screw the wingguard back in, and fire. At this point, we need to understand that rifled steel cannons fired projectiles, not cannonballs. Loading a cannonball into a rifled barrel is pointless. The projectiles might have looked something like this; this was in the late 19th century. Also, smokeless powder was required for rifled barrels, as black powder quickly clogs the barrel's rifling and can jam the projectile. Information plaques, articles, and books tell us that these were ceremonial cannons and were not fired. They were rolled out for the occasion of ambassadors' visits. However, if you look closely at this supposedly ceremonial cannon, you can clearly see that the square on the wingguard is twisted from frequent loosening and tightening. This square was used to loosen the wingguard using a large wrench or similar device. In other words, this cannon with a steel, rifled barrel was fired, and a lot. *** For collaboratio...