Почему Урал называется Уралом? Происхождение слова УРАЛ.

Why are the Urals called the Urals? The origin of the word "URAL." SOURCE: uraloved.ru/istoriya/proishogdenie-slova-ural nsportal.ru/ap/library/nauchno-tekhnicheskoe-tvorchestvo/2012/04/17/issledovatelskaya-rabota-pochemu-ural-nazvan elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/46229/1/viu-1961-02-01-02.pdf zen.yandex.ru/media/litinteres/pochemu-ural-nazyvaetsia-uralom-5ebfe9c0acd2341e04fb4eac The Urals are an amazing region, famous for its beauty. Here you can see beautiful mountains and mysterious rock formations, swim in pristine lakes, raft down wild rivers, explore caves and impenetrable forests stretching to the horizon, and explore fascinating historical and architectural monuments. The Urals are located on the oldest of the Ural ranges. The Urals are famous for such renowned figures as V.N. Tatishchev, A.S. Popov, P.P. Bazhov, D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak, and others. Our ancestors first visited the Greater Urals in ancient times. Novgorodians sailed there with their expeditions, exacting tribute from the local tribes. Ushkuiniks (seafarers) roamed there, establishing a route through Vologda and Ustyug. But this is the northern part of the Urals, which was then called Great Perm. In the 14th century, the first Russian settlement appeared on the upper reaches of the Kama River. Incidentally, it was founded by a former ushkuinikk (sea hut) named Anfal Nikitin, which is why it was called Anfalov Gorodok (town). The Middle Urals, and especially the Southern Urals, came to the attention of the Russians later, after Ivan the Terrible conquered the Kazan Khanate. By that time, the Kazan Tatars also subjugated the Bashkir tribes inhabiting the Urals and the Ural region. Following negotiations with their leaders, the process of incorporating the Bashkir lands into Russia began. The term "Ural" appears in literature from the 15th century. As far as we can determine, it was first recorded in V. Tatishchev's work "Russian Historical, Geographical, and Political Lexicon," as well as in Wilhelm de Gennin's manuscript "Description of the Ural and Siberian Factories." In subsequent years, the use of the word "Ural" (Ural Mountains) became common in the works of P. Rychkov, P. Dallas, and I. Lepekhin. In the same 15th century, by a special royal decree, the Yaik River was renamed the Ural, so as to eliminate any reminders of the peasant war led by Yemelyan Pugachev and the seditious Yaik Cossacks. Over time, the toponym Ural supplanted the previously used terms for the entire Ural Range, such as "Stone," "Belt," "Earth Belt," and the like. The specific name Ural-tau also persists in the Southern Urals to designate the watershed ridge along its entire length from Zlatoust to the upper reaches of the Sakmara River. Furthermore, the name Ural is used in some regions of Siberia (Kuznetsk Alatau) to designate elongated low elevations and mountains, thus serving as a local geographic term. Leaving aside amateur etymologies2, all theories about the origin of the word "Ural" can be reduced to two main hypotheses: Turkic and Finno-Ugric. According to many scholars, the word "Ural" was borrowed by Russians from the Bashkir language in the mid-16th century (at which time Bashkiria became part of the Russian state). In the 18th century, the name became firmly established in both business and colloquial Russian thanks to V.N. Tatishchev and P.I. Rychkov. This theory has considerable evidence. Firstly, the Uraltau Mountain (tau means "mountain" in Bashkir) is located in the Southern Urals. A Bashkir poem about Ural-batyr (a hero named Ural) is well-known. However, other indigenous peoples have no legends in which the name "Ural" can be found. Initially, the word "Ural" was used to refer only to its southern part. In the 18th century, this name was extended to the entire region. However, there is another version of the origin of the word "Ural." It's not as convincing as the one discussed above, but it's worth knowing. Let's return to the Mansi people mentioned at the beginning of the article. E. Hoffman, the originator of the Mansi theory of the name's origin, compared the word "Ural" to the Mansi word "Ur" meaning "mountain." "Ur ala" means "mountain peak" in the Mansi language. However, despite its apparent appeal, this theory has one significant drawback: the Mansi themselves never use the word "Ural," as noted above. Therefore, the Bashkir theory—that the name was borrowed from the Bashkirs—remains preferable. However, there is no consensus on the interpretation of the word. A number of researchers, beginning with V.N. Tatishchev, believe that this oronym means "belt" and links it to the Turkic verb uralu, oralu, meaning "to gird." This path aligns well with physical geography, but does not entirely correspond to Turkic vocabulary and grammar. Other scholars compare the Bashkir name Aral dingeze—the Aral Sea ("Island Sea")—with the aforementioned Aral(ь)tova Mountain, acknowledging a possible contiguity transfer: after all, the southern part o...