HIPERCALCEMIA MALIGNA

Malignant hypercalcemia is one of the most frequent metabolic emergencies in oncology and can be the first manifestation of an occult cancer. 🧠⚠️ In this video we review: 🔬 Pathophysiology • PTHrP (humoral hypercalcemia) • Osteolytic bone metastases • Ectopic calcitriol production • Ectopic PTH secretion (rare) 📊 Clinical and biochemical diagnosis • Total calcium vs. albumin-corrected calcium • When to order ionized calcium • Interpretation of PTH, PTHrP, and vitamin D • Neurological, renal, and cardiovascular manifestations (short QT interval) 💉 Step-by-step treatment • Saline expansion • Calcitonin (rapid initiation) • IV bisphosphonates (zoledronate) • Denosumab in refractory cases • When to consider dialysis 🎯 Internal medicine pearls for the ER: • Not all cancers elevate PTH • Hydration is the foundation of Management • The prognosis is usually guarded if the underlying cancer is not treated. Medicine as you've never heard it explained before. 💙 Check out my new medical courses page: https://medicursos.thinkific.com Become a member of this channel to enjoy exclusive benefits:    / @doctorjuanefreng   0:00 Introduction 0:44 Epidemiology 1:50 Etiology 04:54 Pathophysiology 11:17 Clinical Presentation 11:40 Diagnosis 15:00 Treatment 19:44 Summary #science #medicine #student #physiology #enarm #usmle #amboss #ambossmed #study #anatomy #pathology Remember that this channel does not constitute medical advice. For any questions, concerns, or worries, the best course of action is always to consult a doctor. The content presented here has an educational purpose; the application of this information is the responsibility of the user.