Distinguish among direct, indirect, and product measures of behavior.

ABA Measurement Sources: Direct vs Indirect vs Permanent Product (C2 Exam Prep) The script explains how to quickly distinguish among direct, indirect, and permanent product measures of behavior for C2 exam prep in applied behavior analysis. Direct measurement records the actual target behavior as it occurs (e.g., tallying hand raises), and emphasizes that valid ABA measurement targets socially significant behavior, measures a relevant dimension, and is representative across conditions and times. Indirect measurement uses a proxy that requires inference (e.g., questionnaires or standardized tests), is considered less valid because it threatens measurement validity, and requires evidence that the proxy reliably reflects the behavior when direct access is not possible. Measurement by permanent product assesses behavior after it occurs by observing lasting environmental effects (natural or contrived products such as worksheets, audio/video recordings), outlines advantages and limitations, and gives two rules: each response must produce the same product and only the target behavior can produce it. 00:00 Measurement Sources Overview 01:10 Direct Measurement Basics 02:12 Indirect Measures and Validity 04:30 Permanent Product Defined 05:30 Natural vs Contrived Products 06:31 Advantages and Use Cases 07:32 Limits and Two Rules 08:25 Choosing the Right Method 09:29 Exam Sorting Examples 10:16 Final Rule and Recap